Taquicardia ventricular polimórfica y miocardio no compactado, ¿una nueva variante genética? / Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and non-compacted myocardium: A new genetic variant?

Resumen La taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica es una enfermedad caracterizada por arritmias ventriculares desencadenadas por estrés o actividad física. Existen casos descritos de taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica asociada a ventrículo izquierdo no compactado, en relación con mutaciones del gen RYR2 localizadas en el exón 3. Se expone el caso clínico de una paciente joven que debutó con clínica de síncopes recurrentes asociados a estrés físico o emocional. En el estudio posterior se descubrió taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica, con áreas de miocardio no compactado y una nueva variante genética posiblemente asociada a la enfermedad.

Abstract Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is disease characterised by ventricular arrhythmias triggered by stress or physical activity. There are some cases of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia described that are associated with non-compacted left ventricle in relation to mutations of the RYR2 gene located in exon 3. A case is presented of a young patient in whom the clinical signs started with recurrent syncope associated with physical or emotional stress. In the subsequent study, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was discovered, with areas of non-compacted myocardium and new genetic variant possibly associated with the disease.

Afectación cardiopulmonar por citomegalovirus en individuos inmunocompetentes / Cardiopulmonary involvement due to cytomegalovirus in immunocompetent individuals

Resumen La infección por Citomegalovirus en adultos sanos suele cursar de forma asintomática o como un cuadro de mononucleosis. La afectación cardiopulmonar en individuos inmunocompetentes es infrecuente y se asocia a mal pronóstico. Su diagnóstico exige una elevada sospecha clínica. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente joven que debutó con clínica de neumonía atípica y en el estudio posterior se descubrió miocardiopatía dilatada con disminución de la contractilidad miocárdica. La serología para citomegalovirus fue positiva y el paciente recibió terapia antiviral específica con excelente resultado.

Abstract Cytomegalovirus infection in healthy adults is usually asymptomatic or as signs and symptoms of a mononucleosis. Cardiopulmonary involvement in immunocompetent individuals is uncommon and is associated with a poor prognosis. Its diagnosis requires a high clinical suspicion. The case is presented of a young patient in whom the first clinical sign was an atypical pneumonia, and in the subsequent study a dilated cardiomyopathy with a decrease in myocardial contractility was discovered. The serology for cytomegalovirus was positive, and the patient received specific antiviral therapy, with an excellent outcome.

Structural and functional alterations of the heart in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have most frequently heart failure. The cause of this increased prevalence is not known. We designed a study to assess the cardiac function and cardiac structure in patients with PD compared to a control group. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 50 PD patients and 50 healthy matched controls. We performed electro and echocardiograms to all patients and controls. The measurements were blind. In addition, we performed a neurological assessment. RESULTS: PD patients had higher left ventricular mass index (114.2 ± 38.4 vs. 94.1 ± 26.4 g/m2; P = 0.003) and higher left atrial volume (30.1 ± 7.9 vs. 26.7 ± 6.2 ml/m2; P = 0.01). PD was an independent risk factor for elevated left ventricular filling pressures (OR = 2.7, CI 95% 2.2-6.3; P = 0.004). Concentric remodeling and left ventricular hypertrophy were associated with more advanced Hoehn and Yahr stages. Moreover, patients with more dysautonomia symptoms showed more left ventricular hypertrophy. Finally, PD group had longer QT interval than control group regardless of the drugs. CONCLUSIONS: PD is significantly associated with increased concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Advanced stages of PD are associated with a more severe cardiac affection. These findings can explain the increase of heart failure in PD patients. Cardiomyopathy could be a non-motor parkinsonian symptom.

Factores pronósticos de enfermedad coronaria en diabéticos asintomáticos para inclusión en lista de trasplante renal. Despistaje con coronariografía / Prognostic factors of coronary heart disease in asymptomatic diabetics for inclusion on the kidney transplant waiting list. Screening with coronary angiography

Introducción y objetivos: La enfermedad arterial coronaria es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes diabéticos candidatos para trasplante renal. La alta prevalencia de enfermedad coronaria en pacientes asintomáticos obliga a hacer despistaje de coronariopatía significativa. Nuestro objetivo es conocer la prevalencia y los factores pronósticos asociados a enfermedad coronaria en este grupo de pacientes en nuestro medio. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de los aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos de los pacientes diabéticos con enfermedad renal crónica candidatos a trasplante renal entre enero de 2007 y octubre de 2011. Resultados: Se analiza una cohorte de 36 pacientes. El 65% (13) con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y el 81,3% (13) con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 presentan enfermedad coronaria significativa. En el análisis multivariado de regresión logística, se asociaron significativamente con enfermedad coronaria el tabaquismo (odds ratio [OR] = 8,3, p = 0,048) y los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada (OR = 9,525, p = 0,006). Factores que no se asociaron significativamente a enfermedad coronaria incluyen: edad, sexo, tipo de diabetes mellitus, duración de diabetes mellitus (años) e hipertensión arterial. Conclusión: Los pacientes diabéticos sin clínica anginosa con enfermedad renal crónica candidatos a inclusión en lista de trasplante renal presentan una alta prevalencia de enfermedad arterial coronaria significativa. El tabaquismo y los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada se asocian de forma independiente con la presencia de enfermedad arterial coronaria (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Coronary artery disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic kidney transplant candidates. The high prevalence of coronary disease in asymptomatic patients creates the need for major coronary artery disease screening. Our goal was to determine the prevalence and prognostic factors associated with coronary disease in this patient group. Method: A retrospective study of a cohort of 36 asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 and chronic renal failure that were candidates for renal transplantation between January 2007 and October 2011. Results: We followed a cohort of 36 patients. Significant coronary disease was found in 65% (13) of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 81.3% (13) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, smoking (OR=8.3, P=.048) and glycosylated haemoglobin levels (OR=9.525, P=.006) were significantly associated with coronary artery disease. Factors not significantly associated with coronary artery disease included: age, sex, type of diabetes mellitus, duration of diabetes mellitus (years) and hypertension. Conclusion: Diabetic patients without clinical angina and chronic renal failure who were candidates for inclusion in the kidney transplant waiting list have a high prevalence of significant coronary artery disease. Smoking and glycosylated haemoglobin levels were independently associated with the presence of coronary artery disease (AU)

Prognostic factors of coronary heart disease in asymptomatic diabetics for inclusion on the kidney transplant waiting list. Screening with coronary angiography.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Coronary artery disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic kidney transplant candidates. The high prevalence of coronary disease in asymptomatic patients creates the need for major coronary artery disease screening. Our goal was to determine the prevalence and prognostic factors associated with coronary disease in this patient group. METHOD: A retrospective study of a cohort of 36 asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 and chronic renal failure that were candidates for renal transplantation between January 2007 and October 2011. RESULTS: We followed a cohort of 36 patients. Significant coronary disease was found in 65% (13) of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 81.3% (13) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, smoking (OR=8.3, P=.048) and glycosylated haemoglobin levels (OR=9.525, P=.006) were significantly associated with coronary artery disease. Factors not significantly associated with coronary artery disease included: age, sex, type of diabetes mellitus, duration of diabetes mellitus (years) and hypertension. CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients without clinical angina and chronic renal failure who were candidates for inclusion in the kidney transplant waiting list have a high prevalence of significant coronary artery disease. Smoking and glycosylated haemoglobin levels were independently associated with the presence of coronary artery disease.