ABSTRACT
La displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) es la secuela más prevalente del recién nacido pretérmino, y sigue suponiendo un motivo frecuente de consulta en las unidades de Neumología Pediátrica. La decisión del alta de la unidad neonatal debe apoyarse en una valoración exhaustiva de la situación clínica del paciente y en el cumplimiento de unos requisitos, que incluyen la estabilidad respiratoria y nutricional, y la instrucción a los cuidadores en el manejo domiciliario. Para un control adecuado de la enfermedad, es necesario que quede establecido, previamente al alta, un calendario de visitas y de exploraciones complementarias, y deben aplicarse las pautas de prevención de exacerbaciones y el tratamiento apropiados. El concepto de DBP como enfermedad multisistémica es fundamental en el seguimiento de los pacientes y debe ser tenido en cuenta para un buen control de la enfermedad. En este documento, el Grupo de Trabajo de Patología Respiratoria Perinatal de la Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica propone un protocolo que sirva como referencia para unificar el seguimiento de los pacientes con DBP entre los diferentes centros y ámbitos asistenciales. Se revisan los aspectos a tener en cuenta en la evaluación previa al alta de la Unidad Neonatal y las principales complicaciones durante el seguimiento. Seguidamente, se detallan las recomendaciones en materia de tratamiento de la enfermedad y prevención de complicaciones, los controles tras el alta y su cronología
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of preterm birth, and remains a major problem in pediatric pulmonology units. The decision of discharging from the Neonatal Unit should be based on a thorough assessment of the condition of the patient and compliance with certain requirements, including respiratory and nutritional stability, and caregiver education on disease management. For proper control of the disease, a schedule of visits and complementary tests should be established prior to discharge, and guidelines for prevention of exacerbations and appropriate treatment should be applied. In this paper, the Working Group in Perinatal Respiratory Diseases of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Pulmonology proposes a protocol to serve as a reference for the follow up of patients with BPD among different centers and health care settings. Key factors to consider when planning discharge from the Neonatal Unit and during follow up are reviewed. Recommendations on treatment and prevention of complications are then discussed. The final section of this guide aims to provide a specific schedule for follow-up and diagnostic interventions to be performed in patients with BPD
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/prevention & control , Clinical Protocols , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis , Blood Gas Analysis/methods , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/complications , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/diagnosis , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/physiopathology , Follow-Up Studies , Infant, Premature/physiology , Health Status IndicatorsABSTRACT
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of preterm birth, and remains a major problem in pediatric pulmonology units. The decision of discharging from the Neonatal Unit should be based on a thorough assessment of the condition of the patient and compliance with certain requirements, including respiratory and nutritional stability, and caregiver education on disease management. For proper control of the disease, a schedule of visits and complementary tests should be established prior to discharge, and guidelines for prevention of exacerbations and appropriate treatment should be applied. In this paper, the Working Group in Perinatal Respiratory Diseases of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Pulmonology proposes a protocol to serve as a reference for the follow up of patients with BPD among different centers and health care settings. Key factors to consider when planning discharge from the Neonatal Unit and during follow up are reviewed. Recommendations on treatment and prevention of complications are then discussed. The final section of this guide aims to provide a specific schedule for follow-up and diagnostic interventions to be performed in patients with BPD.
Subject(s)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Practice Guidelines as TopicABSTRACT
La aspiración de cuerpo extraño (CE) es una causa importante de morbimortalidad en la infancia. La gravedad de la obstrucción aguda de la vía aérea superior así como las complicaciones derivadas de la presencia de un CE en la vía aérea inferior hacen necesarios un diagnóstico y un tratamiento precoz. Clásicamente, en el paciente pediátrico, la extracción del CE se realizaba a través de broncoscopio rígido bajo anestesia general, por lo que estaba limitada a especialidades quirúrgicas. En el momento actual existen aportaciones de extracción mediante broncoscopio flexible, y resurge el debate acerca de qué instrumento es el más apropiado: flexible o rígido. La fibrobroncoscopia es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo que permite confirmar el diagnóstico y localizar el CE, pero sólo en casos seleccionados y en manos muy expertas puede conseguir su extracción en estos pacientes. Dadas las características de la vía aérea del niño, para garantizar la seguridad del paciente y el éxito del procedimiento sigue avalándose la broncoscopia rígida como el más eficaz. Sin embargo, dada la complementariedad de ambos instrumentos, su tratamiento combinado parece ser la opción más adecuada. Presentamos 5 casos de tratamiento de CE en un procedimiento combinado con broncoscopia flexible y rígida (AU)
The foreign body (FB) aspiration is a significant of morbidity and mortality in childhood. The severity of the acute obstruction of the upper airway and the complications that the FB creates in the lower airway requires early diagnosis and treatment. Classically, the FB is removed with a rigid bronchoscope, with general anaesthesia, by surgeons. Nowadays, there are publications on removing FB with flexible bronchoscopy. There is now discussion on which is the best instrument, rigid or flexible bronchoscope. Flexible bronchoscopy is a minimal invasive procedure that allows the diagnosis to be made and locate the FB, which can only be removed in selected cases. Therefore, authors believe that FB removal is more effective with rigid bronchoscopy. It guarantees patient safety and the success of the procedure. However, both, flexible and rigid bronchoscopes are complementary, so their combined use is the most appropriate choice. We report the management of five cases of FB in paediatric patients with a combined procedure using flexible and rigid bronchoscopy (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Foreign Bodies/therapy , Bronchoscopy/methods , Airway Obstruction/complications , Airway Obstruction/diagnosis , Bronchoscopy/trends , Bronchoscopy , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/trends , Radiography, ThoracicABSTRACT
The foreign body (FB) aspiration is a significant of morbidity and mortality in childhood. The severity of the acute obstruction of the upper airway and the complications that the FB creates in the lower airway requires early diagnosis and treatment. Classically, the FB is removed with a rigid bronchoscope, with general anaesthesia, by surgeons. Nowadays, there are publications on removing FB with flexible bronchoscopy. There is now discussion on which is the best instrument, rigid or flexible bronchoscope. Flexible bronchoscopy is a minimal invasive procedure that allows the diagnosis to be made and locate the FB, which can only be removed in selected cases. Therefore, authors believe that FB removal is more effective with rigid bronchoscopy. It guarantees patient safety and the success of the procedure. However, both, flexible and rigid bronchoscopes are complementary, so their combined use is the most appropriate choice. We report the management of five cases of FB in paediatric patients with a combined procedure using flexible and rigid bronchoscopy.
