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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 23(4): 332-339, jul.-ago. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68179

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En el paciente crítico hay una continua producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ERO) que necesitan se neutralizadas para evitar el estrés oxidativo (EO). Entre las defensas antioxidantes endógenas, el sistema glutatión (GSH) es cuantitativamente el más importante, pero en situaciones de estrés severo se encuentra disminuido. Para incrementarlo, la suplementación con glutamina ha demostrado ser efectiva, ejerciendo protección contra el daño oxidativo y reduciendo la morbi-mortalidad. Objetivo: Valorar el efecto de la adición de un dipéptidoal anyl-glutamina a la NP sobre la peroxidación lipídica y el metabolismo del glutatión y su relación con la morbilidad de los pacientes críticos. Métodos: Determinación, mediante técnicas espectrofo-tométricas, de glutatión peroxidasa, glutatión reductasa, glutatión total y malonil aldehído al ingreso y tras siete días de estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de 20 pacientes mayores de 18 años con tratamiento nutricional parenteral. Resultados: El grupo de pacientes que recibió nutrición parenteral con adición de glutamina experimentó aumentos significativos a la semana de tratamiento nutricional en la concentración del glutatión total (42,35 ± 13 vs 55,29 ± 12 μmol/l; p < 0,05), junto a un incremento de la actividad de la enzima glutatión peroxidasa (470 ± 195 vs 705 ± 214 μmol/l; p < 0,05). En cambio, el grupo con nutrición parenteral convencional no presentó modificaciones significativas en ninguno de los parámetros estudiados (p > 0,05). Sin embargo, tanto la mortalidad como la estancia en UCI no fue diferente para los grupos estudiados, mientras que si se observó una menor gravedad, valorada por e SOFA score, en el grupo de pacientes que recibieron glutamina (SOFA 5 ± 2 vs 8 ± 1,8; p < 0,05).Conclusiones: El aporte de glutamina en pacientes críticos mejora las defensas antioxidantes, lo que repercute en una menor peroxidación lipídica y menor morbilidad durante la estancia en UCI


Introduction: In the critically ill patient, there is a continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that need to be neutralized to prevent oxidative stress (OS). Quantitatively speaking, the glutathionesystem (GSH) is the most important anti-oxidant endogenous defense. To increase it, glutamine supplementation has been shown to be effective by protecting against the oxidative damage and reducing the morbimortality. Objective: To assess the effect of adding an alanylglutamine dipeptide to PN on lipid peroxidation lipidica and glutathione metabolism, as well as its relationship with morbidity in critically ill patients. Methods: Determination through spectrophotometry techniques of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, total glutathione, and maloniladdehyde at admission and after seven days of hospitalization at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in 20 patients older than 18 years on parenteral nutrition therapy. Results: The group of patients receiving parenteral nutrition with glutamine supplementation had significant increases in total glutathione (42.35 ± 13 vs 55.29 ±12 μmol/l; p < 0.05) and the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidasa (470 ± 195 vs 705 ± 214 μmol/l; p < 0.05) within one week of nutritional therapy, where as the group on conventional parenteral nutrition did not show significant changes of any of the parameters studied(p > 0.05). However, both mortality and ICU stay were not different between the study group, whereas the severity (assessed by the SOFA score) was lower in the group of patients receiving glutamine (SOFA 5 ± 2 vs 8 ±1.8; p < 0.05).Conclusions: Glutamine intake in critically ill patients improves the antioxidant defenses, which leads to lower lipid peroxidation and lower morbidity during admission at the ICU


Subject(s)
Humans , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Parenteral Nutrition/methods , Critical Illness/therapy , Oxidative Stress , Lipid Peroxidation , Glutathione/pharmacokinetics
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 23(4): 332-9, 2008.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18604319

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In the critically ill patient, there is a continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that need to be neutralized to prevent oxidative stress (OS). Quantitatively speaking, the glutathione system (GSH) is the most important anti-oxidant endogenous defense. To increase it, glutamine supplementation has been shown to be effective by protecting against the oxidative damage and reducing the morbimortality. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of adding an alanylglutamine dipeptide to PN on lipid peroxidation lipidica and glutathione metabolism, as well as its relationship with morbidity in critically ill patients. METHODS: Determination through spectrophotometry techniques of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, total glutathione, and maloniladdehyde at admission adn after seven days of hospitalization at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in 20 patients older than 18 years on parenteral nutrition therapy. RESULTS: The group of patients receiving parenteral nutrition with glutamine supplementation had significant increases in total glutathione (42.35+/-13 vs 55.29+/-12 micromol/l; p<0.05) and the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidasa (470+/-195 vs 705+/-214 micromol/l; p<0.05) within one week of nutritional therapy, whereas the group on conventional parenteral nutrition did not show significant changes of any of the parameters studied (p>0.05). However, both mortality and ICU stay were not different between the study group, whereas the severity (assessed by the SOFA score) was lower in the group of patients receiving glutamine (SOFA 5+/-2 vs 8+/-1.8; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Glutamine intake in critically ill patients improves the antioxidant defenses, which leads to lower lipid peroxidation and lower morbidity during admission at the ICU.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Dietary Supplements , Glutamine/pharmacology , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Parenteral Nutrition , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 20(2): 110-4, 2005.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15813394

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The critically ill patient is especially susceptible to malnutrition due to his/her hypermetabolic state that leads to an increase in the nutritional requirementes, which many times are not compensated with the administered enteral formulas. The assessment of nutritional intake is essential in this kind of patients to know to what level their energetic and nutritional requirements are fulfilled, improving and monitoring in the most individualized possible way to indicated clinical and nutritional therapu. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective study in which all patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Virgen de las Nieves Hospital were studied from January to December of 2003, aged more than 18 years, and on enteral nutrition. A total of 90 patients (52 men and 38 women) were studied, 81% of which were older than 50 years, and 57% had hospital stays longer than 8 days, with a 21% mortality rate. Intake was assessed from time of admission and throughout the whole hospitalization period. Energetic requirements were calculated according to the modified Long's formula and micronutrients intakes were compared to existing general recommendations for the Spanish, European and American populations, and to vitaminic requirements in critically ill patients. RESULTS: Percentages of mean energy and nutrients intakes in relation to theoretical calculated requirements for both genders are presented in figure 1. Mean energy intake was 1,326 cal in men and 917 cal in women. With regards to micronutrients intake, the values found for proteins, falts, and carbohydrates were lower than 50% of the requirements for both genders. The percentage of adequacy as referred to requirements for vitamins and minerals intake is shown in figure 2. Reference recommendations used correspond to sufficient intakes to cover the healthy individual requirements, therefore, the values obtained in our study show and adequacy greater than 75%, with the exception of particular elements such as vitamin A and magnesium. However, by taking a look at figure 3, which shows the adequacy of vitamins intake at recommended does for sick patients, the intake is lower than 25% of the requirements in all cases, and these deficiencies significantly interfere with wound healing, the immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as with metabolism of the remaining macronutrients leading to an unbalanced situation of the antioxidant system, worsening the patient's clinical status. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms the need for monitoring individually the nutritional requirements in the critically ill patient and adapting recommendations to his/her metabolic changes, since currently these recommendations are not clearly defined for these situations. It is necessary to provide micronutrients doses closer to the patient's demands, so that the nutritional status and the balance of the antioxidant system may be preserved or improved, making the adopted clinical treatment more effective.


Subject(s)
Critical Illness/therapy , Eating , Energy Intake , Enteral Nutrition , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies
4.
Nutr. hosp ; 20(2): 110-114, mar.-abr. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-038330

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos: El enfermo crítico es especialmente susceptible a la desnutrición debido a que su situación hipermetabólica conlleva a un aumento de los requerimientos nutricionales, que muchas veces no se cubren con el aporte de las fórmulas enterales suministradas. El estudio de la ingesta nutricional resulta imprescindible en este tipo de paciente para conocer en qué medida se cubren sus necesidades energético-nutricionales, mejorando y monitorizando la terapia clínico-nutricional a seguir de la manera más personalizada posible. Metodología: Es un estudio retrospectivo en el que se evaluaron todos los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Virgen de las Nieves desde enero a diciembre de 2003, mayores de 18 años bajo tratamiento nutricional enteral. Se estudiaron un total de 90 pacientes (52 hombres y 38 mujeres), el 81% de los mismos eran mayores de 50 años de edad, el 57% tuvieron estancias superiores a 8 días con una mortalidad del 21%. Se valoró la ingesta desde el ingreso y durante todo el período de hospitalización. Los requerimientos energéticos se calcularon a partir de la fórmula de Long modificada y se compararon las ingestas de micronutrientes con las recomendaciones generales existentes tanto para la población española como la europea la americana, y los requerimientos vitamínicos para pacientes en estado grave. Resultados: En la figura 1 se presentan los porcentajes de ingestas medias de energía y nutrientes con relación a los requerimientos teóricos calculados para ambos sexos. El aporte energético medio fue para los hombres de 1.326 cal y de 917 cal para las mujeres. Con respecto a la ingesta de macronutrientes, los valores encontrados tanto para las proteínas como para las grasas y los carbohidratos fueron inferiores al 50% de los requerimientos en ambos sexos. En la figura 2 se observa el porcentaje de adecuación a los requerimientos en el consumo de vitaminas y minerales. Las recomendaciones utilizadas como referencia corresponden a ingestas suficientes para cubrir requerimientos de individuos sanos, por lo tanto, los valores obtenidos en nuestro estudio muestran una adecuación superior al 75%, salvo casos particulares como la vitamina A y el magnesio. Sin embargo al observar la figura 3, el cual nos muestra la adecuación de las ingestas vitamínicas a las dosis recomendadas para pacientes enfermos, la ingesta es inferior al 25% de lo requerido en todos los casos, estas deficiencias repercuten de manera significativa en la cicatrización, el sistema inmune, el cardiovascular y el nervioso así como en el metabolismo del resto de macronutrientes, provocando un desequilibrio en el sistema antioxidante y empeorando la situación clínica del paciente. Conclusiones: El presente estudio nos confirma la necesidad de monitorizar de una manera personalizada las necesidades nutricionales en el paciente crítico y adaptar las recomendaciones a sus cambios metabólicos, ya que las mismas no están claramente definidas para estas situaciones en la actualidad. Es necesario aportar dosis de micronutrientes que se acerquen más a sus necesidades y así preservar o mejorar el estado nutricional y el equilibrio del sistema antioxidante, haciendo más eficaz el tratamiento clínico aplicado


Introduction and objectives: The critically ill patient is especially susceptible to malnutrition due to his/her hypermetabolic state that leads to an increase in the nutritional requirementes, which many times are not compensated with the administered enteral formulas. The assessment of nutritional intake is essential in this kind of patients to know to what level their energetic and nutritional requirements are fulfilled, improving and monitoring in the most individualized possible way to indicated clinical and nutritional therapu. Methodology: This is a retrospective study in which all patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Virgen de las Nieves Hospital were studied from January to December of 2003, aged more than 18 years, and on enteral nutrition. A total of 90 patients (52 men and 38 women) were studied, 81% of which were older than 50 years, and 57% had hospital stays longer than 8 days, with a 21% mortality rate. Intake was assessed from time of admission and throughout the whole hospitalization period. Energetic requirements were calculated according to the modified Long's formula and micronutrients intakes were compared to existing general recommendations for the Spanish, European and American populations, and to vitaminic requirements in critically ill patients. Results: Percentages of mean energy and nutrients intakes in relation to theoretical calculated requirements for both genders are presented in figure 1. Mean energy intake was 1,326 cal in men and 917 cal in women. With regards to micronutrients intake, the values found for proteins, falts, and carbohydrates were lower than 50% of the requirements for both genders. The percentage of adequacy as referred to requirements for vitamins and minerals intake is shown in figure 2. Reference recommendations used correspond to sufficient intakes to cover the healthy individual requirements, therefore, the values obtained in our study show and adequacy greater than 75%, with the exception of particular elements such as vitamin A and magnesium. However, by taking a look at figure 3, which shows the adequacy of vitamins intake at recommended does for sick patients, the intake is lower than 25% of the requirements in all cases, and these deficiencies significantly interfere with wound healing, the immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as with metabolism of the remaining macronutrients leading to an unbalanced situation of the antioxidant system, worsening the patient's clinical status. Conclusions: the present study confirms the need for monitoring individually the nutritional requirements in the critically ill patient and adapting recommendations to his/her metabolic changes, since currently these recommendations are not clearly defined for these situations. It is necessary to provide micronutrients doses closer to the patient's demands, so that the nutritional status and the balance of the antioxidant system may be preserved or improved, making the adopted clinical treatment more effective


Subject(s)
Humans , Critical Illness/therapy , Enteral Nutrition , Retrospective Studies
5.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 22(4): 117-123, jul. 2002. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14211

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo forma parte de un amplio estudio, realizado con el propósito de conocer la influencia del enriquecimiento en calcio de la dieta, a partir de la utilización de leche semidesnatada enriquecida en calcio, sobre la calidad de vida y el estado óseo de una población mayor institucionalizada, que participa en un programa de intervención nutricional de 18 meses de duración. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la evolución de la capacidad funcional, física y mental, de dicha población. Se estableció un grupo control, cuya ingesta media de calcio fue de 921ñ128 mg/día y un grupo problema con una dieta similar pero con un aporte mayor de calcio, 1.056ñ 256 mg/día, por la incorporación de leche enriquecida en este mineral. La capacidad física se evaluó mediante el Indice de Katz, que mide el grado de independencia para la realización de las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD). Para la valoración de la capacidad mental se utilizó la Escala de Cruz Roja. Al inicio del estudio, los resultados de la valoración de capacidad funcional, tanto física como mental, fueron bastante similares en los dos grupos. Tras la intervención nutricional, se observó que la pérdida de capacidad física fue significativamente menor en el grupo problema que en el control (P<0,05), ya que el 91,8 por ciento de los individuos del grupo problema no desciende de categoría, frente al 74,6 por ciento del control. La pérdida de capacidad mental ha sido considerable en ambos grupos, aunque sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Male , Humans , Nutritional Status/physiology , Homes for the Aged/standards , Homes for the Aged , Nutrition Programs/organization & administration , Energy Intake/physiology , Functional Residual Capacity/physiology , Calcium/analysis , Quality of Life , Bone and Bones , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/education , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology
6.
J Nutr Health Aging ; 5(4): 253-5, 2001.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11753488

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to estimate the dietary intake of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the elderly institutionalised population using duplicate diet sampling and to establish any related difference with the results obtained using food composition tables. The study was carried out on a sample group of 112 subjects in Granada (Spain). 1-week food duplicate samples offered by the elderly were studied. Calcium and magnesium were determined by AAS and phosphorus was determined by spectrophotometry. Anova showed significant differences (p<0.05) in all the minerals analyzed. These results suggest that the use of food composition tables is not suitable to evaluate the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in nutritional trials. Moreover, the results show clearly that it is essential to consider these differences to establish the adequate intakes of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus for the elderly population in relation to the mineral bone status.


Subject(s)
Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage , Magnesium/administration & dosage , Phosphorus, Dietary/administration & dosage , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Calcium, Dietary/metabolism , Diet Surveys , Female , Food Analysis , Hospitalization , Humans , Magnesium/metabolism , Male , Nutritional Status , Phosphorus, Dietary/metabolism , Spain
7.
Geriátrika (Madr.) ; 17(6): 215-220, nov. 2001. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-15474

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la evolución de la autopercepción de salud de una población anciana institucionalizada, que participa en un programa de intervención nutricional de 18 meses de duración, cuya finalidad es estudiar la influencia del enriquecimiento en calcio de la dieta sobre el estado óseo de esta población. Se estableción un grupo control, cuya ingesta media de calcio fue de 921 +/- 128 mg/día, y un grupo problema con una dieta similar pero con un aporte mayor de calcio, 1056 +/- 256 mg/día, por la incorporación de leche enriquecida en este mineral. Las cuestines planteadas a los ancianos, al inicio y al final de la intervención, fueron: 1: ¿Se siente limitado en su movilidad? 2: ¿Considera su fuerza muscular normal para su edad?; 3: ¿Tiene dolores "de huesos"?. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la autopercepción de salud de la población anciana estudiada es independiente de la edad, y mejor en los hombres que en las mujeres. Tras la intervención mutricional, se observó que la salud percibida disminuyó menos en el grupo problema que en el control, por lo que al final del estudio, en el grupo problema la autopercepción de salud ósea era mejor que en el grupo control. No obstante, son necesarios estudios más amplios que permitan confirmar estos resultados (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Self Concept , Calcium, Dietary , Bone and Bones , Health Status , Food, Fortified , Milk , Movement , Muscles/physiology , Pain , Longitudinal Studies
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