ABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer y comparar las características psicosociales de las ciclistas y triatletas federadas en España estableciendo unas pautas de actuación que mejoren su situación en el deporte de competición. Se analizan dos deportes con aspectos comunes (uso de la bicicleta en competición, participantes que realizan ambos deportes ) y diferenciadores (deporte clásico vs deporte moderno), con el objeto de descubrir las posibles diferencias y/o similitudes entre ambos. En este estudio descriptivo participaron 80 ciclistas y 126 triatletas. Se determinó el perfil sociodemográfico promedio de las ciclistas y triatletas mediante 2 cuestionarios semiestructurados que permitieron definirlas como deportistas a) amateurs con tendencia competidora, b) iniciadas a una edad tardía en su especialidad deportiva, c) con una amplia experiencia deportiva, d) con un nivel alto de estudios completado o en curso, y e) pertenecientes a un estrato social medio. Tras el análisis de los resultados creemos que se hace necesario un cambio en la política deportiva de las federaciones deportivas así como iniciativas tendentes a la mejora de las condiciones de competición de estas deportistas (AU)
The aim of this study was to know and compare the psychosocial characteristics from Spanish under-licence female cyclists and triathletes establishing guidelines to improve their situation in competitive sport. We compared two sports with common aspects (use of a bicycle in competition, participants who participate in both sports...) and differentiating ones (classic sport vs. modern), with the aim of uncover potential differences and/or similarities between the two. 80 cyclists and 126 triathletes took part in this descriptive study. We determined the average socio-demographic profile of cyclists and triathletes through 2 semi-structured questionnaires. The athletes average socio-sporting profile was defined as a) amateur with a competitive tendency; b) who became specialised in the sport at a late age; c) having vast sporting experience; d) having completed, or completing, a high level of education; e) belonging to the middle class. We believe a change in politics in sports federations is needed, as are initiatives to improve competition conditions for these athletes (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Bicycling/statistics & numerical data , Track and Field/statistics & numerical data , Athletic Performance , Sex Ratio , Psychosocial Impact , Women , StereotypingABSTRACT
Smokeless tobacco (Snus) is a substance that contains nicotine, which has been placed on World Anti-Doping Agency's 2014 Monitoring Program. A proliferation of nicotine use in sport has been observed in recent years, but little is known regarding its effects, especially on football players' performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Snus on physical performance, heart rate variability, subjective activation, mental fatigue, and perceived readiness before a physical test in non-smoker, non-Snus user, amateur football players. Participants were administered either Snus or placebo 40 min prior to a fitness test battery (handgrip test, countermovement jump, agility test, and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test). Results showed that Snus intake (compared with placebo) increased perceived mental fatigue level and mental load, and reduced perceived readiness level and heart rate variability. No significant differences between the two experimental conditions were found in either performance in the physical tests or perceived physical fatigue levels. In light of these results, Snus could not be considered an ergogenic substance. On the contrary, based on the extant evidence linking mental load and fatigue with physical performance, we argue that the observed negative effects on mental fatigue, perceived readiness, and heart rate variability should be considered.
Subject(s)
Athletic Performance/physiology , Mental Fatigue/etiology , Soccer/physiology , Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects , Arousal , Cognition , Exercise Test , Hand Strength , Heart Rate , Humans , Male , Mental Fatigue/psychology , Movement , Perception , Physical Exertion , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a high intensity aerobic training program of 8 weeks, developed during physical education classes, on the aerobic capacity of adolescents aged 15 to 18 years. METHODS: A total of 84 adolescents (51 boys and 33 girls) participated in this study. The aerobic capacity (VO(2)max) was measured directly with a portable gas analyzer (K4b², Cosmed) during the performance of the 20 Meters Shuttle Run Test (20mSRT). The sample was divided into 2 experimental groups (G2S and G3S) and 1 control group. The training program was composed of aerobic physical activity (75-80% VO(2)max.). The G2S developed 2 sessions per week while the G3S made 3. RESULTS: The G2S increased VO(2)max (boys: from 55.7 to 56.6 ml/kg/min; girls: from 37.8 to 38.7 ml/kg/min; p < 0.001) and the number of stages in the 20mSRT (9.0% boys, p < 0.001; 20.0% girls, p < 0.001). The G3S also increased VO(2)max (boys: from 54.9 to 56.0 ml/kg/min; girls: from 36.0 to 38.7 ml/kg/min) and the number stages in the 20mSRT (10.4% boys, p < 0.001; 32.3% girls, p < 0.001). In G2S and G3s, girls showed greater improvement than boys. CONCLUSIONS: A high intensity aerobic training program developed during 8 weeks, 2 sessions per week, improves aerobic capacity of the students. An extra session of intense exercise for week is a greater improvement in girls, but do not produce such effects in boys.
Subject(s)
Exercise/physiology , Physical Education and Training/methods , Physical Fitness/physiology , Adolescent , Anaerobic Threshold , Blood Gas Analysis , Female , Humans , Male , Running/physiology , Sex CharacteristicsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico de alta intensidad de 8 semanas, desarrollado durante las clases de Educación Física, sobre la capacidad aeróbica de adolescentes de 15 a 18 años. Método: Un total de 84 adolescentes (51 chicos y 33 chicas) participaron en el presente estudio. La capacidad aeróbica (VO2max) se midió directamente con un analizador de gases portátil (K4b2, Cosmed) durante la realización del 20 Meter Shuttle Run Test (20mSRT). La muestra fue dividida en 2 grupos experimentales (G2S y G3S) y 1 grupo control. El programa de entrenamiento consistió en la práctica de actividad física aeróbica con una intensidad equivalente al 75-80% del VO2max. El G2S realizó 2 sesiones semanales mientras que el G3S realizó 3 sesiones. Resultados: El G2S incrementó el VO2max (de 55,7 a 56,6 ml/kg/min los chicos; de 37,8 a 38,7 ml/kg/min las chicas, p < 0,001) y el n.o stages en el 20mSRT (9,0% los chicos, p < 0,001; 20,0% las chicas, p < 0,001). El G3S también aumentó el VO2max (de 54,9 a 56,0 ml/kg/min los chicos; de 36,0 a 38,7 ml/kg/min las chicas) y el n.o stages en el 20mSRT (10,4% los chicos, p < 0,001; 32,3% las chicas, p <0,001). En G2S y G3S, las chicas mostraron una mayor mejora que los chicos. Conclusiones: Un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico de alta intensidad de 8 semanas, 2 días por semanas, mejora la capacidad aeróbica de los alumnos. Una sesión extra de ejercicio intenso por semana supone una mayor mejora en las chicas, no produciendo tales efectos en los chicos (AU)
Objective: To determine the effect of a high intensity aerobic training program of 8 weeks, developed during physical education classes, on the aerobic capacity of adolescents aged 15 to 18 years. Methods: A total of 84 adolescents (51 boys and 33 girls) participated in this study. The aerobic capacity (VO2max) was measured directly with a portable gas analyzer (K4b2, Cosmed) during the performance of the 20 Meters Shuttle Run Test (20mSRT). The sample was divided into 2 experimental groups (G2S and G3S) and 1 control group. The training program was composed of aerobic physical activity (75-80% VO2max.). The G2S developed 2 sessions per week while the G3S made 3. Results: The G2S increased VO2max (boys: from 55.7 to 56.6 ml/kg/min; girls: from 37.8 to 38.7 ml/kg/min; p < 0.001) and the number of stages in the 20mSRT (9.0% boys, p < 0.001; 20.0% girls, p < 0.001). The G3S also increased VO2max (boys: from 54.9 to 56.0 ml/kg/min; girls: from 36.0 to 38.7 ml/kg/min) and the number stages in the 20mSRT (10.4% boys, p < 0.001; 32.3% girls, p < 0.001). In G2S and G3s, girls showed greater improvement than boys. Conclusions: A high intensity aerobic training program developed during 8 weeks, 2 sessions per week, improves aerobic capacity of the students. An extra session of intense exercise for week is a greater improvement in girls, but do not produce such effects in boys (AU)
