ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To obtain a Spanish version of the TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life Questionnaire (TAPQOL) that would be both semantically and culturally equivalent to the original. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The TAPQOL questionnaire was designed to measure health-related quality of life in children aged 3 months to 5 years and contains 43 questions distributed in 12 subdimensions. The Spanish version was obtained by using the forward/back-translation method with expert, bilingual translators. Cognitive debriefing interviews were carried out with the parents of healthy children and with those of children with respiratory disease. RESULTS: During the adaptation phase, four items were modified after input from the authors of the original version to retain the meaning of the original. At the end of the adaptation process, 37 of the 43 items were classified as A, i.e. without difficulty in the adaptation. Four mothers and two fathers participated in the cognitive debriefing interviews. Four had secondary level education, and two had university level education. Their children were aged between 16 and 60 months. The average time taken to complete the questionnaire was 13.5 minutes. No comprehension problems regarding the questionnaire's content were found, and no items were modified after this phase of the study. The mothers of children with respiratory disease considered the questions related to their children's symptoms to be appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the TAPQOL has proven to be acceptable and culturally equivalent to the original version. Future studies should investigate the psychometric properties of this questionnaire and compare them with those of the original version.
Subject(s)
Language , Quality of Life/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , TranslationsABSTRACT
Objetivos: Obtener una versión española del cuestionario TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life (TAPQOL) semántica y culturalmente equivalente a la versión original. Material y métodos: El cuestionario TAPQOL ha sido diseñado para medir la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en niños de 3 meses a 5 años y contiene 43 preguntas incluidas en 12 subdimensiones. Para obtener la versión en español se ha seguido la metodología de traducción directa e inversa con traductores expertos bilingües. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas cognitivas con madres y padres de niños sanos y con patología respiratoria. Resultados: Durante la fase de adaptación se modificaron cuatro ítems a partir de los comentarios de los autores originales para retener el sentido de los conceptos de la versión original. Al final del proceso, 37 de los 43 ítems del cuestionario fueron clasificados como A, sin dificultad en la adaptación. En las entrevistas cognitivas, contestaron cuatro madres y dos padres, cuatro de ellos con nivel de estudios secundarios y dos de nivel universitario, de niños de entre 16 y 60 meses. El promedio para contestar el cuestionario fue de 13,5 min. No hubo problemas en la comprensión de los contenidos del cuestionario y no se modificó ningún ítem después de esta fase del estudio. Las madres de niños con patología respiratoria consideraron adecuadas las preguntas relacionadas con los síntomas de sus hijos. Conclusiones: La versión española del cuestionario TAPQOL es aceptable y equivalente culturalmente a la versión original. Futuros estudios deberán comprobar sus propiedades psicométricas y compararlas con la versión original (AU)
Objectives: To obtain a Spanish version of the TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life Questionnaire (TAPQOL) that would be both semantically and culturally equivalent to the original. Material and methods: The TAPQOL questionnaire was designed to measure health-related quality of life in children aged 3 months to 5 years and contains 43 questions distributed in 12 subdimensions. The Spanish version was obtained by using the forward/back-translation method with expert, bilingual translators. Cognitive debriefing interviews were carried out with the parents of healthy children and with those of children with respiratory disease. Results: During the adaptation phase, four items were modified after input from the authors of the original version to retain the meaning of the original. At the end of the adaptation process, 37 of the 43 items were classified as A, i.e. without difficulty in the adaptation. Four mothers and two fathers participated in the cognitive debriefing interviews. Four had secondary level education, and two had university level education. Their children were aged between 16 and 60 months. The average time taken to complete the questionnaire was 13.5 minutes. No comprehension problems regarding the questionnaires content were found, and no items were modified after this phase of the study. The mothers of children with respiratory disease considered the questions related to their childrens symptoms to be appropriate. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the TAPQOL has proven to be acceptable and culturally equivalent to the original version. Future studies should investigate the psychometric properties of this questionnaire and compare them with those of the original version (AU)
Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Quality of Life , Interview, Psychological/methods , Psychometrics/methods , Cognition/ethics , Cognition/physiology , Spain , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
The present multicenter study reports the results of a clinical trial, designed on the basis of a pharmacodynamic study published previously (Bantar et al., J. Chemother 2000; 12: 223-227) to assess the efficacy of amoxicillin/sulbactam (875 mg/125 mg), given orally twice-a-day for 7 days in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Eighty-four evaluable subjects older than 19 years with clinical symptoms and features suggestive of CAP, consulting from June 2000 to March 2002 and meeting the PORT risk class I through III, were enrolled in the study. Mean age (y +/- standard deviation) was 46.7 +/- 16.3 and 62% of the patients had some co-morbidity predisposing for CAP. Several individuals (77.4%) fell into a low-risk class (i.e. PORT I or II) and 22.6% of patients belonged to a moderate-risk class at the start of treatment. Six patients (6.45%) had pneumococcal bacteremia. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the organism most frequently isolated (61.9% of all the patients in whom an etiologic diagnosis was made), followed by Haemophilus influenzae. Clinical success was observed in 97.6% of the patients (confidence interval 95%, 94.3%-100%). Almost all the individuals with clinical success became afebrile within the first 3 days of therapy. Ten patients (11.8%) reported mild or moderate adverse events (especially diarrhea) possibly related to the antimicrobial therapy, but this did not lead to withdrawal from the trial. The results of this study suggest that amoxicillin/sulbactam (875 mg/125 mg) is an efficacious and well tolerated option for treating patients with CAP belonging to a low-moderate risk class and support the use of a short, oral (7-day) b.i.d. regimen.
Subject(s)
Amoxicillin/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination/administration & dosage , Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy , Sulbactam/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Adult , Aged , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A 46-year-old man simultaneously developed chronic seronegative non destructive oligoarthritis and chronic watery diarrhoea. Biopsies from the colorectal mucosa showed a thickened subepithelial collagen layer consistent with collagenous colitis. Collagenous colitis should be added to the list of causes of enteropathic arthritis.