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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(6): 1381-1390, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355675

ABSTRACT

The utilization of antimicrobials in animal production, causes selection of resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to compare the utilization of alternatives in association with preventive antibiotic therapy in swine feed during the growing and finishing phases. 1,045 animals were used from 60 to 190 days of age and were subjected to six treatments with 16 repetitions as follows: 1) antibiotic free; 2) antibiotics; 3) prebiotic; 4) probiotic; 5) essential oils; and 6) organic acid. Animals were weighted, and clinical history was recorded including mortality and diarrhea. At the abattoir, pneumonia index and gastric ulcers were investigated. The cost for each treatment was discussed. No difference between treatments were observed (P>0.05) regarding feed conversion rate (2.64±0.03), overall average weight gain (107.06±0.9kg), average daily weight gain (856.49±7.7g) and carcass weight (92.4±0.7kg). The application injectable drugs in animals presenting clinical symptoms, represented US$ 0.56/intervention, without difference between the treatments (P>0.05). Furthermore, independently of the treatment, high frequency of pneumonia was observed (>0.90). No difference for the degree of gastric ulcer nor feces consistency were observed (P>0.05). The utilization of antibiotic therapy and alternatives to antibiotics in feed did not produce benefits to the production indices and sanitary performances of the animals.(AU)


A utilização de antimicrobianos na produção animal provoca seleção de bactérias resistentes. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a utilização de alternativas associadas à antibioticoterapia preventiva na alimentação de suínos nas fases de recria e de terminação. Foram utilizados 1.045 animais de 60 a 190 dias de idade, submetidos a seis tratamentos com 16 repetições, como segue: 1) sem antibióticos; 2) com antibióticos; 3) prebióticos; 4) probióticos; 5) óleos essenciais; e 6) ácidos orgânicos. Os animais foram pesados, e a história clínica foi registrada, incluindo mortalidade e diarreia. No abatedouro, foram investigados índices de pneumonia e úlceras gástricas. O custo de cada tratamento foi discutido. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos (P>0,05) em relação à taxa de conversão alimentar (2,64 ± 0,03), ao ganho de peso médio geral (107,06 ± 0,9kg), ao ganho de peso médio diário (856,49 ± 7,7g) e ao peso de carcaça (92,4 ± 0,7kg). A aplicação de medicamentos injetáveis em animais com quadro clínico representou US$ 0,56/intervenção, sem diferença entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Além disso, independentemente do tratamento, foi observada alta frequência de pneumonia (>0,90). Não foi observada diferença para o grau de úlcera gástrica nem na consistência das fezes (P>0,05). A utilização de antibioticoterapia e de alternativas aos antibióticos na ração não trouxe benefícios aos desempenhos zootécnico e sanitário dos animais.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine/growth & development , Probiotics/administration & dosage , Prebiotics/administration & dosage , Antimicrobial Stewardship/methods , Animal Feed/analysis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use
2.
J Affect Disord ; 220: 15-23, 2017 10 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28575715

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Depression is one of the major contributors to the global burden of diseases; however, population-based data in South America are limited. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cross sectional study with 7524 participants, aged 35-74 years old, recruited between February 2010 and December 2011 from randomly selected samples in 4 cities (Bariloche and Marcos Paz, Argentina; Temuco, Chile; and Pando-Barros Blancos, Uruguay). Major Depressive Episode (MDE) was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) - 9. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of MDE was 14.6% (95% CI: 13.6, 15.6). However, there was a geographical variability of up to 3.7 folds between different cities being 5.6% (95% CI: 4.6, 6.7) in Marcos Paz, Argentina; 9.5% (95% CI: 8.2, 10.9) in Bariloche, Argentina; 18.1% (95% CI: 16.3, 20.0) in Temuco, Chile, and 18.2 (95% CI: 16.3, 20.2) in Pando-Barros Blancos, Uruguay. The multivariate model showed that, adjusted by location, being female, being between 35 and 44 years old, having experienced at least one stressful life event, currently smoking, and having a history of chronic medical diseases were independently associated with an increased risk of MDE, while having higher education and being married or living with a partner reduced the risk of MDE. LIMITATIONS: These results are representative of the selected cities included in the study. As such extrapolation to the general populations of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay should be done with caution CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence and variability of MDE in the Southern Cone of Latin America.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Argentina/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Cities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Geography , Health Surveys , Humans , Latin America , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Uruguay/epidemiology
3.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 21(1 Suppl): 122-134, 2017 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28379587

ABSTRACT

A drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is defined as a liver injury caused by exposure to a drug or a non-infectious toxic agent with a variable degree of organ dysfunction. A better understanding of DILI epidemiology has been obtained in recent years with the institution of international registries in the United States and Europe. Despite the advances in the understanding and characterization of the phenomenon, DILI remains an exclusion diagnosis so, probability scores and the analysis of literature reports are useful tools in dealing with a suspected DILI. Idiosyncratic DILI can be considered a relatively rare event but it is one of the leading causes of acute liver failure. Thus, proper management is essential to avoid serious consequences. Here, we present an updated review of diagnostic and classification criteria of DILI. Prognostic tools, and principles of management and therapy have also been briefly discussed.


Subject(s)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/diagnosis , Europe , Humans , Registries , Risk Factors , United States
4.
Vet Rec ; 178(26): 653, 2016 Jun 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27162284

ABSTRACT

Porcine periweaning-failure-to-thrive syndrome (PFTS) is a condition that affects newly weaned piglets. It is characterised by a progressive debilitation leading to death, in the absence of infectious, nutritional, management or environmental factors. In this study, we present the first report of PFTS in South America and the results of a genome-wide association study to identify the genetic markers associated with the appearance of this condition in a crossbred swine population. Four chromosomal regions were associated with PFTS predisposition, one located on SSCX, one on SSC8, and the two other regions on SSC14. Regions on SSC8 and SSC14 harbour important functional candidate genes involved in human depression and might have an important role in PFTS. Our findings contribute to the increasing knowledge about this syndrome, which has been investigated since 2007, and to the identification of the aetiology of this disease.


Subject(s)
Failure to Thrive/veterinary , Swine Diseases/genetics , Animals , Failure to Thrive/genetics , Female , Genome-Wide Association Study , Male , Swine , Weaning
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(1): 34-38, fev. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-704003

ABSTRACT

Em um sistema intensivo de produção de suínos, as falhas reprodutivas são uma das principais razões de descarte de matrizes e queda nos índices produtivos. A infecção urinária (cistite) e as endometrites são consideradas importantes causas de descarte em fêmeas suínas, por terem consequências reprodutivas relevantes e elevarem a taxa de reposição do plantel. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o aparelho reprodutivo e a bexiga de fêmeas suínas de descarte normal de granjas, bem como investigar a existência de relação entre as patologias encontradas. Foram examinadas 79 matrizes suínas oriundas de 20 rebanhos localizados no Estado de Santa Catarina. De cada fêmea foram coletados os ovários, fragmentos de útero e bexiga. Dentre as fêmeas avaliadas, 32 (40,5%) tinham diferentes graduações de cistite, 24 (30,4%) tinham algum tipo de inflamação uterina, e 9 (11,4%) estavam em anestro, com ovários inativos. Contudo, não foi observada dependência significativa entre cistite e endometrite nas amostras analisadas.


Reproductive failures are the major reasons for removal of sows and decrease of production rates in an intensive swine production system. Urinary infection and endometritis are considered important causes for culling of sows, due to relevant reproductive consequences and increase of the replacement rates. The present study aimed to evaluate the reproductive and urinary system of culled sows, as well as investigate the occurrence of cystitis and endometritis in analyzed sows. Samples, such as ovaries, uterus fragments and bladder were collected from 79 sows originated from 20 farms of Santa Catarina State. Results showed that, 32 (40,5%) analyzed sows presented cystitis in different levels, 24 (30,4%) had some class of uterine inflammation, and 9 (11,4%) were in anestrous, with inactive ovaries. However, unsignificative dependence between cystitis and endometritis in analyzed samples was observed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anestrus/metabolism , Urinary Bladder/anatomy & histology , Cystitis , Swine
6.
Curr Med Chem ; 20(12): 1477-95, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23409722

ABSTRACT

Inhaled bronchodilators, including beta(2)-agonists and antimuscaric receptor antagonists, are the mainstay of pharmacotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The short-acting beta(2)-agonists, including salbutamol, and fenoterol, have a rapid onset of action, a bronchodilating effect for 3-6 h and are used on demand. The long-acting beta(2)-agonists (LABAs), including salmeterol and formoterol, have 12-hour duration of action and are used with a twice-daily dosing regimen for long-term COPD treatment. Unlike salmeterol, formoterol has a rapid onset of action. Pharmacological characteristics required by novel inhaled LABAs include 24 h bronchodilator effect in vivo which would make them suitable for once daily administration (ultra-LABA), high potency and selectivity for beta(2)-adrenoceptors, rapid onset of action, low oral bioavailability (< 5%) after inhalation, and high systemic clearance. Indacaterol, which has been approved for long-term treatment of COPD in Europe and in the USA, has a 24-h duration of action and a once-daily dosing regimen. Newer ultra-LABAs, including olodaterol, vilanterol, milveterol, carmoterol, and abediterol, are in development. Combination with ICS (fluticasone/salmeterol, budesonide/formoterol, beclomethasone/formoterol) appears to provide an additional benefit over the monocomponent therapy, although the extent of this benefit is variable and often not clinically significant in all the endpoints assessed. In patients with COPD, treatment with ICS is associated with increased risk of pneumonia which should be carefully considered when assessing the risk/benefit ratio of ICS/LABA combinations. Subphenotyping of patients with COPD (e.g., frequent exacerbations, sputum eosinophilia, mixed asthma/COPD phenotype) might help identify those patients who are most likely to benefit from addition of ICS to bronchodilating treatment. Ultra-LABA/ long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA) combination treatment is under development and is likely to become a standard pharmacological strategy for COPD. Dual-pharmacology inhaled muscarinic antagonist-beta(2) agonist (MABA) molecules provide a new approach to the treatment of COPD.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic use , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Administration, Inhalation , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/chemistry , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/pharmacology , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemistry , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Animals , Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Bronchodilator Agents/chemistry , Bronchodilator Agents/pharmacology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Lung/drug effects , Lung/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Structure-Activity Relationship
7.
Res Vet Sci ; 93(1): 46-7, 2012 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21944831

ABSTRACT

The effect of organic acids and mannanoligosaccharide addition to the diet was assessed in pigs orally inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium. Forty-six growers were distributed among four treatments: Basal Diet (BD); BD+encapsulated organic acids; BD+free organic acids; BD+mannanoligosaccharide. Seroconversion was monitored, and feces and tissue samples were tested for Salmonella isolation. No treatment prevented the carrier state, but a tendency of lower fecal excretion was observed in the group treated with mannanoligosaccharide.


Subject(s)
Feces/microbiology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology , Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects , Swine Diseases/microbiology , Animals , Carrier State/microbiology , Carrier State/prevention & control , Citric Acid/administration & dosage , Citric Acid/therapeutic use , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Supplements , Formates/administration & dosage , Formates/therapeutic use , Fumarates/administration & dosage , Fumarates/therapeutic use , Malates/administration & dosage , Malates/therapeutic use , Mannans/administration & dosage , Mannans/therapeutic use , Oligosaccharides/administration & dosage , Oligosaccharides/therapeutic use , Phosphoric Acids/administration & dosage , Phosphoric Acids/therapeutic use , Propionates/administration & dosage , Propionates/therapeutic use , Salmonella Infections, Animal/prevention & control , Swine/microbiology , Swine Diseases/prevention & control
8.
Clin Pharmacol Ther ; 83(1): 70-6, 2008 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17507924

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the presence of endothelial dysfunction in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and evaluated the possible role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the pathophysiology of this abnormality. Similar elevations in circulating markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) were observed in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis compared to controls. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation to acetylcholine was impaired in Crohn's disease, but not in ulcerative colitis. Endothelium-independent vasodilation to sodium nitroprusside, by contrast, was not different among the three groups. The TNF-alpha neutralizing antibody, infliximab, enhanced the responsiveness to acetylcholine, but not to nitroprusside, in Crohn's disease, without modifying vascular responses to both drugs in ulcerative colitis. In conclusion, despite comparable degrees of systemic inflammation in the two IBDs, endothelial dysfunction is a selective feature of Crohn's disease and is beneficially affected by intravascular TNF-alpha neutralization. These findings underscore the role of selective cytokine targeting in improving endothelial function in patients with Crohn's disease.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy , Crohn Disease/drug therapy , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Vasodilation/drug effects , Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Adult , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , Biomarkers/blood , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Colitis, Ulcerative/blood , Colitis, Ulcerative/physiopathology , Crohn Disease/blood , Crohn Disease/physiopathology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Female , Gastrointestinal Agents/pharmacology , Humans , Infliximab , Interleukin-6/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Treatment Outcome , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(6): 1382-1387, dez. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-476105

ABSTRACT

Relata-se a disseminação da infeção pelo vírus da doença de Aujeszky (VDA) a partir da comercialização de reprodutores suínos oriundos de duas granjas de reprodutores suídeos certificada (GRSC) que tiveram surto da DA. Após a confirmação do diagnóstico de DA, os suínos comercializados 37 a 45 dias anteriores aos surtos foram recolhidos, submetidos ao exame sorológico para o VDA e enviados ao abate. Nos rebanhos-destino foram realizados exames sorológicos para o VDA 17 a 37 dias após o recolhimento, naqueles que estavam lojados nas baias vizinhas àquelas onde haviam sido alojados os suínos comprados; seis meses mais tarde, foi realizada outra sorologia por amostragem dos reprodutores. No total, 52 rebanhos compraram suínos das duas granjas, e, destes, 37 (69,8 por cento) receberam, pelo menos, um animal com sorologia positiva para o VDA. Somente sete (18,9 por cento) deles apresentaram sorologia positiva para o VDA, e em 30 (81,1 por cento), não houve indícios de disseminação da infecção. A contaminação pelo VDA de granjas GRSC representa enorme potencial para a disseminação da infecção, por meio do comércio de suínos de reposição. A rastreabilidade dos animais comercializados em um período anterior ao diagnóstico, com imediata remoção dos lotes de suínos dos rebanhos-destino, evitou a disseminação da infecção


It was reported the spreading of the infection caused by the virus of Aujesky's disease (VAD) by the commercialization of breeders originated from two pigs farms GRSC (Farms of Certified Swine Breeders - FCSB) which had an outbreak of Aujeszky's disease. After the positive diagnosis of Aujesky's disease, the pigs traded from 37 to 45 day before the outbreaks were removed from the herd, bled for serological exams for the VAD and sent to slaughterhouses. The herds which received these pigs were serologically tested for the VAD, 17 to 37 days after the removal of the animals. Serological tests were also performed in pigs lodged at neighboring cages to those which had been lodged with the pigs bought and a sampling test was done six months later. Thus, 52 flocks bought pigs from the farms 1 and 2. From those, 37 (69.8 percent) received at least one serum-positive pig for the VAD. Only seven (18.9 percent) of them were infected and 30 (81.1 percent) pigs showed no indications of infection by the VAD. The occurrence of VAD in FCSB farms represents huge potential for spreading of the VAD, by the trade of replacement pigs. The traceability investigation and removal of the animals traded before the diagnosis, with immediate removal of the positive lots of pigs at the destiny herd, avoided the spread of the infection


Subject(s)
Animals , Pseudorabies , Sus scrofa , Health Surveys
10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(5): 1124-1131, out. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-471192

ABSTRACT

Testou-se o efeito do plasma suíno ultrafiltrado spray-dried, associado a um acidificante comercial na água de bebida para a recuperação de leitões com sinais clínicos da síndrome multissistêmica do definhamento dos suínos (SMDS). Utilizaram-se 40 leitões com sinais clínicos da SMDS, selecionados 20 dias após o alojamento em uma unidade de terminação, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos (T) de 10 leitões cada. No T1, os animais receberam água clorada à vontade (controle); no T2, solução com 2,5 por cento do plasma sangüíneo diluído em água; no T3, acidificante (Selko®) diluído em água na dosagem de 12ml/10l e, no T4, solução com 2,5 por cento do plasma sangüíneo e o acidificante na dose de 12ml/10l, diluídos em água. Os leitões não foram medicados e foram sacrificados aos 28 ou 40 dias de experimento para avaliação sorológica e patológica. Não houve diferença no ganho de peso e na situação clínica-patológica entre os tratamentos. Entretanto, os leitões do T4 estavam em melhor situação clínica-patológica. Os leitões dos quatro tratamentos tiveram boa recuperação, sem terem sido medicados. Observou-se alta freqüência de lesões compatíveis com a SMDS nos pulmões, rins e linfonodos. Concluiu-se que o plasma spray dried associado ao ácido não melhoraram o desempenho e a situação clínica-patológica de leitões com sintomas da SMDS


The effect of the ultra-filtered spray-dried porcine plasma, associated to a commercial acid in the drinking water was tested for recovering pigs with clinical signs of the porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Forty piglets with clinical signs of the PMWS were used following a selection at 20 days after their housing in one finishing facility. They were divided in four treatment groups (T) of 10 pigs each: T1 - chlorine treated water ad libitum (control); T2 - solution prepared with 2.5 percent of plasma diluted in water; T3 - acid (Selko® ) diluted in water at the concentration of 12 ml/10l; T4 - solution prepared with 2.5 percent of plasma diluted and the acid (Selko® ) diluted in water at the concentration of 12 ml/10l. The pigs received no medication and were euthanized at 28 or 40 days after the beginning of the experiment for serological and pathological tests. Differences at the weight gain and in the clinical-pathological situation were not observed among the treatments. However, pigs from T4 were in better clinical-pathological situation. The pigs of all four treatments showed a good recovery, although they were not medicated. Even though, it was observed a high frequency of lesions compatible to PMWS in the lungs, kidneys and lymph nodes. It was concluded that the plasma spray-dried associated to the acid did not improve the performance and the clinical-pathological situation of pigs with clinical signs of PMWS


Subject(s)
Animals , Circovirus/isolation & purification , Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome/etiology , Sus scrofa/microbiology , Sus scrofa/blood
11.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 58(5): 708-717, out. 2006. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-441516

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se a eficiência do teste de tuberculina intradérmico comparado, para identificar rebanhos suínos infectados com o complexo Mycobacterium avium (MAC), seu poder de discriminação entre rebanhos infectados com MAC e Mycobacterium bovis, e para estudar diferentes critérios de leitura e interpretação. Foram realizados três experimentos com rebanhos infectados naturalmente com MAC, com suínos inoculados com MAC e com suínos inoculados com M. bovis. Os testes foram comparados com a presença ou não de lesões macro e/ou microscópicas nos linfonodos de suínos em idade de abate. Verificaram-se reações cruzadas entre os testes intradérmicos, tanto com animais infectados com o MAC como com M. bovis. Reações acima de 0,5cm de diâmetro ou acima de 0,20cm no aumento da espessura da dobra da pele, entre a aplicação e a leitura, foram consideradas positivas no cálculo da média para rebanhos. Rebanhos infectados com MAC podem ser identificados por meio do teste intradérmico com PPD aviário e bovino. Tanto a medida do diâmetro quanto o aumento da espessura da dobra da pele das reações foram eficientes no diagnóstico da infecção por MAC. Recomenda-se a utilização do método da medição do diâmetro.


The efficiency of the tuberculin delayed-type skin hypersensitivity test was evaluated in swine. A comparison of the tuberculin skin tests was performed with avian and bovine protein derivatives (PPD), in the detection of Mycobacterium avium-Complex or M. bovis infected swine. The methods were evaluated as to define criteria for readings and results interpretation, to determine their capacity in detecting Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infected swine and their performance in differentiating MAC from M. bovis-infected individuals. Three trials were performed with naturally MAC-infected swine, experimentally MAC-infected or experimentally M. bovis-infected animals. The skin test readings positive or negative were, respectively, correlated to the presence or absence of gross lesions and histological alterations in lymph nodes at slaughter age. Reaction with both antigens were observed in MAC and M. bovis-inoculated animals as well. Reactions wider then 0.5cm in diameter or showing skin thickness increasing more then 0.2cm in the time frame between inoculation and reading were considered to be positive, as compared to the average results of the group. Herds with MAC-infected swine could be detected with either avian or bovine PPD. Both diameter and skin thickness were efficient in detecting MAC-infected swine, however, reading the diameter of the reaction was shown to be more easily and economically performed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Lymphadenitis/diagnosis , Mycobacterium avium/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Swine , Tuberculin Test/methods
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 55(5): 522-527, out. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-356853

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho descreve a primeira caracterização preliminar de isolados de circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) a partir de órgãos de suínos acometidos pela síndrome da refugagem multissistêmica (SRM) no Brasil. Leitões doentes foram examinados à necropsia e por histopatologia. Análises macroscópicas e microscópicas demonstraram lesões típicas de SRM, respectivamente, emagrecimento, aumento do volume dos linfonodos, atrofia de timo e pneumonia intersticial, e linfadenite granulomatosa com células sinciciais, entre outras. A presença de antígeno ou DNA do PCV2 foi demonstrada por imunoperoxidase ou reação da polimerase em cadeia nested (nested PCR), respectivamente. Foi possível diferenciar PCV1 e PCV2 por análises de polimorfismo de fragmento de restrição (RFLP) do fragmento amplificado da PCR. O DNA do PCV2 foi detectado em 70 por cento (14/20) das amostras obtidas de suíno com sintomatologia clínica e lesões associadas com SRM. Este estudo apresenta a associação de PCV2 com lesões e sinais clínicos de SRM em suínos e também indica que os isolados do PCV2 brasileiros podem apresentar variações genômicas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Circovirus , Swine
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 55(5): 528-532, out. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-356854

ABSTRACT

Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico em 65 granjas de suínos situadas na região Sul do Brasil para identificar os fatores que favorecem a ocorrência do vício de sucção entre leitões desmamados. Em cada granja acompanhou-se um lote de leitões do nascimento até 21 dias após o desmame, provenientes de no mínimo seis leitegadas, para obtenção de informações relacionadas às instalações, à nutrição, às práticas de manejo, ao ambiente interno e ao desempenho dos leitões. Os dados foram submetidos à análises descritivas e de correspondência múltipla. A manifestação do vício ocorreu em 23 (35,4 por cento) granjas. Nos lotes que apresentaram o vício de sucção, os leitões obtiveram média de ganho diário de peso (P<0,005) inferior aos que não apresentaram o vício de sucção. Os principais fatores de risco identificados foram: peso médio ao desmame menor que 6,3kg, ausência de bebedouro específico para os leitões na maternidade, ocorrência de diarréia na primeira semana após o desmame, tipo de bebedouro usado na creche diferente daquele usado na maternidade, orientação do eixo do prédio inadequado, presença de sinais de sarna no lote, ausência de vazio sanitário na creche e uso da restrição alimentar logo após o desmame. Sugere-se que a correção dos fatores de risco previna a manifestação do vício de sucção e melhore a média de ganho diário de peso dos leitões após o desmame.


Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal , Risk Factors , Swine
14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 55(2): 133-140, abr. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-336902

ABSTRACT

Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico de observaçäo de 63 unidades terminadoras de suínos, com o objetivo de identificar os fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de artrite no abate. Em cada granja foram acompanhados cerca de 220 suínos por 110 dias e anotadas 42 variáveis, uma objetiva (condenaçäo por artrite) e 41 explicativas (fatores de risco), desde a chegada dos leitöes na propriedade até o serviço de inspeçäo federal no abate. Foram utilizados métodos descritivos e análises multivariadas. Das 63 granjas estudadas 39,7 por cento, 33,3 por cento e 27,0 por cento apresentaram, respectivamente, nenhuma (0,0 por cento), baixa (£ 0,7 por cento) e alta (>0,7 por cento) ocorrência de carcaças condenadas por artrite. Observou-se associaçäo entre a ocorrência de artrite com baixo ganho de peso diário, baixo rendimento de carne na carcaça, conversäo alimentar ruim e baixo peso de carcaça. Os fatores de risco associados à ocorrência da artrite foram: granjas com histórico de condenaçöes por artrite, mais de cinco anos sem reforma do piso, lote do sexo macho, ausência de forro nas instalaçöes, limpeza das baias somente uma vez ao dia, condiçöes ruins de transporte para o abate, galpöes com mais de 250 suínos alojados e mais de 10 fornecedores de leitöes na formaçäo do lote


Subject(s)
Animals , Arthritis , Swine , Risk Factors
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 53(3): 284-289, jun. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-306374

ABSTRACT

Realizou-se um estudo em 64 granjas de suínos na regiäo sul do Brasil entre julho de 1995 e março de 1997 com o objetivo de estimar o índice de pneumonia (IP) e o índice de rinite atrófica (IRA), por meio da contagem dos sinais clínicos de tosse e espirro, respectivamente, em suínos em crescimento-terminaçäo. Em cada granja, um lote com cerca de 60 suínos foi acompanhado desde o alojamento na fase de crescimento até o abate. Tosse e espirro foram contados em quatro oportunidades (30, 50 e 80 dias após o alojamento e 1 a 3 dias antes do abate). Em cada oportunidade foram feitas três contagens de dois minutos cada e o percentual de tosse e espirro para cada lote foi calculado pela média das três contagens em relaçäo ao tamanho do lote. No abate, os suínos foram avaliados quanto à frequência e severidade de lesöes de hepatizaçäo pulmonar e de rinite atrófica nos cornetos nasais para cálculo do IP e do IRA, respectivamente. Os dados foram submetidos às análises de correlaçäo de Pearson e de regressäo simples para ajuste da equaçäo de prediçäo do IP em relaçäo à porcentagem de tosse e do IRA em relaçäo à porcentagem de espirro. As equaçöes obtidas foram: IPe=0,35 + (o,11 x porcentagem de tosse) com R ao quadrado=0,45 e IRAe=0,36 + (0,065 x porcentagem de espirro) com R ao quadrado=0,36. Conclui-se que é possível utilizar o método de contagem de tosse e espirro na fase de crescimento-terminaçäo para estimar, respectivamente, o IP e o IRA


Subject(s)
Animals , Cough , Pneumonia , Rhinitis, Atrophic , Sneezing , Swine
16.
Mol Endocrinol ; 15(3): 429-40, 2001 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11222744

ABSTRACT

In immortalized GnRH neurons, cAMP production is elevated by increased extracellular Ca2+ and the Ca2+ channel agonist, BK-8644, and is diminished by low extracellular Ca2+ and treatment with nifedipine, consistent with the expression of adenylyl cyclase type I (AC I). Potassium-induced depolarization of GT1-7 neurons causes a dose-dependent monotonic increase in [Ca2+]i and elicits a bell-shaped cAMP response. The inhibitory phase of the cAMP response is prevented by pertussis toxin (PTX), consistent with the activation of G(i)-related proteins during depolarization. Agonist activation of the endogenous GnRH receptor in GT1-7 neurons also elicits a bell-shaped change in cAMP production. The inhibitory action of high GnRH concentrations is prevented by PTX, indicating coupling of the GnRH receptors to G(i)-related proteins. The stimulation of cAMP production by activation of endogenous LH receptors is enhanced by low (nanomolar) concentrations of GnRH but is abolished by micromolar concentrations of GnRH, again in a PTX-sensitive manner. These findings indicate that GnRH neuronal cAMP production is maintained by Ca2+ entry through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, leading to activation of Ca2+-stimulated AC I. Furthermore, the Ca2+ influx-dependent activation of AC I acts in conjunction with AC-regulatory G proteins to determine basal and agonist-stimulated levels of cAMP production.


Subject(s)
Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/pharmacology , Adenylate Cyclase Toxin , Adenylyl Cyclases/drug effects , Animals , Calcium Channel Agonists/pharmacology , Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Calcium Signaling , Cell Polarity/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Female , GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism , Hypothalamus/cytology , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Ionomycin/pharmacology , Isoenzymes , Mice , Neurons/drug effects , Nifedipine/pharmacology , Pertussis Toxin , Potassium/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, LH/drug effects , Receptors, LH/genetics , Receptors, LH/metabolism , Receptors, LHRH/drug effects , Receptors, LHRH/metabolism , Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacology
17.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1462552

ABSTRACT

Experimental infections were performed to study the horizontal transmission of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) in swine. Twelve 35 to 42 day-old pigs were divided into three groups of four pigs each. Each group was housed in separate rooms, and inoculated with three MAI strains: VPS1, SC1 and ATCC-13950. After inoculation, four non-inoculated swines were added to each group and maintained in the same pen up to 150 days of age, when were slaughtered. Other four non-inoculated swines were maintained as a control group. The infection was diagnosed by the tuberculin test at 140 days of age, by detection of macroscopic lesions at slaughter and histopathologic and bacteriologic examination of tissues collected at necropsy. Culture of fecal samples were made during the experiment indicating active excretion of MAI between 14 and 42 days post-inoculation. Transmission of MAI among pigs kept in the same pen was observed with all the three strains used. The most evident transmission was with strain SC1, in which four "in contact" pigs were infected, followed by ATCC-13950 (two pigs) and VPS1 (one pig). These results indicate that infected swine can be an important source of infection, favoring the dissemination of this disease.


O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a transmissão horizontal de Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) entre suínos. Doze suínos com 35 a 42 dias de idade, divididos em três grupos de quatro e alojados em salas independentes, foram inoculados por via oral com as cepas VPS1, SC1 e ATCC-13950 de Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. A seguir, quatro suínos não inoculados foram colocados em cada grupo e mantidos na mesma baia até o abate aos 150 dias da idade. Outro grupo de quatro suínos não inoculados foi utilizado como controle. Pelo exame de fezes verificou-se que houve excreção ativa de MAI entre 14 e 42 dias pós-inoculação. A transmissão da infecção foi avaliada pelo teste de tuberculina aos 140 dias de idade e pelos exames de patologia macro e microscópica e de isolamento do MAI de órgãos. Os quatro suínos em contato com aqueles inoculados com a cepa SC1 foram contaminados, enquanto que com a cepa VPS1 apenas um e com a ATCC-13950 somente dois. Concluiu-se que houve transmissão de MAI entre os suínos mantidos na mesma baia, com as três cepas utilizadas, mas foi mais evidente com a cepa SC1, indicando que o suíno pode ser importante fonte de infecção na disseminação da doença.

18.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 52(5): 479-86, out. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-285604

ABSTRACT

Durante um ano foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico em 10 sistemas de produçao de suínos (produtores de leitöes ou ciclo completo), com o objetivo de investigar os fatores de risco que melhor explicam as variaçöes na produtividade da fêmea suína. Foi aplicado um questionário para obtençäo de informaçöes relacionadas a genética, sanidade, nutriçäo, instalaçöes e manejo. As respostas envolveram 271 fêmeas. Elas foram submetidas a procedimentos estatísticos de análise descritiva, análise de correspondência múltipla e classificaçao hierárquica ascendente das fêmeas. Dessas, 236 (87,1 por cento) pariram em média 11,4ñ 2,8 leitöes, 31 (11,4 por cento) apresentaram retorno ao estro, 3 (1,1 por cento) abortaram e 1 (0,4 por cento) apresentou falsa gestaçäo. As variáveis explicativas que melhor discriminaram as fêmeas quanto ao número total de leitoes nascidos (variável objetiva) foram: antecedentes reprodutivos, infecçäo urinária, temperatura retal no dia da cobriçäo e até quatro dias após, tempo de cobriçäo, método de cobriçäo e soroconversäo para parvovírus. Os resultados sugerem que é possível melhorar o desempenho reprodutivo dos rebanhos suínos pela identificaçäo e correçäo dos fatores de risco identificados neste estudo


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Reproduction , Risk Factors , Swine
19.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 52(3): 191-9, jun. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-265580

ABSTRACT

Um experimento de pesquisa epidemiológica observacional foi realizado em 65 rebanhos da regiäo Sul do Brasil, com o objetivo de identificar o conjunto de fatores de risco que melhor explicam a ocorrência de problemas com os leitöes na fase de creche. Em cada rebanho acompanhou-se um lote de leitöes durante as primeiras três semanas após o desmame, sendo avaliadas variáveis ligadas às instalaçöes, à nutriçäo, ao manejo, ao ambiente e à saúde dos leitöes. Na análise estatística dos dados foram utilizados métodos descritivos e multidimencionais. As variáveis objetivas usadas para descrever os problemas dos leitöes na fase de creche foram: ganho de peso diário, coeficiente de variaçäo do peso dos leitöes aos 21 dias após o desmame, ocorrência de diarréia no lote, taxa de mortalidade e o uso de medicamentos curativos contra diarréia. Com essas variáveis elaborou-se uma variável sintética que discriminava as granjas em três categorias: boas, intermediárias e ruins. Dentre as variáveis explicativas, foram identificados 10 fatores de risco que melhor discriminaram os rebanhos estudados quanto a ocorrência de diarréia, mortalidade e desempenho dos leitöes na fase de creche. Com isso, foi possível elaborar o perfil de granjas com alta tendência de apresentarem problemas com os leitöes na fase de creche. Conclui-se que em muitos rebanhos da regiäo Sul do Brasil existem vários fatores de risco que favorecem a ocorrência de problemas com os leitöes na fase de creche, alguns deles sendo conseqüência da fase de maternidade


Subject(s)
Diarrhea , Epidemiology , Risk Factors , Swine
20.
Endocrinology ; 141(3): 1187-95, 2000 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10698196

ABSTRACT

Cultured rat pituitary cells and immortalized pituitary gonadotrophs (alphaT3-1 cells) express specific messenger RNA transcripts for GnRH and exhibit positive immunostaining for the GnRH peptide. Each cell type released GnRH during both static culture and perifusion, albeit in lesser amounts than cultured hypothalamic cells and GT1-7 neurons. In perifused pituitary cells, exposure to a GnRH agonist stimulated the release of GnRH as well as LH. In contrast, treatment with a GnRH receptor antagonist or with GnRH antiserum decreased basal LH release. In pituitary cell cultures, a small proportion of gonadotrophs exhibited high amplitude and low frequency baseline Ca2+ oscillations in the absence of GnRH stimulation. Such spontaneous oscillations were comparable to those induced by picomolar concentrations of GnRH and could be abolished by treatment with a GnRH antagonist. These in vitro findings indicate that locally produced GnRH causes low level activation of pituitary GnRH receptors, induces spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ oscillations, and contributes to basal LH secretion in cultured pituitary cells. In vivo, such autocrine or paracrine actions of pituitary-derived GnRH could provide a mechanism for the maintenance of optimal responsiveness of the gonadotrophs to pulses of GnRH arising in the hypothalamus. The presence and actions of GnRH in the anterior pituitary gland, the major site of expression of GnRH receptors, suggest that local regulatory effects of the neuropeptide could supplement the primary hypothalamic mechanism for the control of episodic gonadotropin secretion.


Subject(s)
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology , Pituitary Gland/physiology , Animals , Calcium/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Female , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors , Hypothalamus/cytology , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Pituitary Gland/cytology , Pregnancy , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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