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1.
Ecotoxicology ; 18(1): 75-80, 2009 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18763036

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess the potential genotoxic effects of produced water (PW) from an Italian on-shore oil plant. Produced water is a complex mixture containing residual hydrocarbons, trace elements, naturally occurring radioactive material and potentially toxic treatment chemicals such as biocides, dispersants, detergents and scale inhibitors used in oil production. The test organism, mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), was divided into male and female groups and exposed for 8 days in the laboratory to 50% concentrations of different produced waters: PW before treatment and after settling treatment. The fish were also exposed to lower concentrations (10%) of the same PW for 30 days. DNA damage was evaluated in erythrocytes by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and micronucleus test, while an oxidative stress biomarker, was assessed. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) metabolites in bile were also evaluated. A higher sensitivity in biomarker responses was found in females in comparison to males. An increase in DNA strand breaks was observed in both genders after 30 days exposure and a statistically significant increase of micronucleated cells was found in females after 8 days exposure. A positive correlation between presence of micronucleated cells and PAH metabolites in bile was also observed.


Subject(s)
Cyprinodontiformes , Industrial Waste , Water Pollutants/toxicity , Animals , Bile/metabolism , Biomarkers/analysis , Comet Assay , DNA Damage , Extraction and Processing Industry , Female , Italy , Male , Micronucleus Tests , Mutagenicity Tests , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Petroleum , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/metabolism , Sex Factors
2.
Chemosphere ; 67(9): S375-8, 2007 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17223181

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to test a specific method for the detection of Vitellogenin (Vtg) and Zona Radiata Proteins (Zrp) in plasma from peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) as specific biomarkers for the evaluation of the effects of endocrine disruptors. The method was assayed with different peregrine falcon individuals (including mature and immature birds of both sexes) from a Spanish population being studied in terms of their contamination with organochlorine compounds with endocrine disrupting properties. This study shows that mouse anti bird Vtg monoclonal antibody ND3C3 (Biosense) seems to be the most specific antibody in binding plasmatic lipoproteins in peregrine falcon when compared to other anti Vtg antibodies. Rabbit anti salmon Zrp polyclonal antibodies O146 (Biosense) show cross-reactivity with Zrp in the samples studied. These preliminary results confirm the applicability of both of these diagnostic tools assayed (induction of Vtg and Zrp) in detecting exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in this species. The increase of Vtg and Zrp detected in male specimens suggest a potential hazard to EDCs in the peregrine falcon which represents a species still affected by organochlorine compounds, and in particular those with estrogenic activity.


Subject(s)
Egg Proteins/blood , Endocrine Disruptors/blood , Falconiformes/blood , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/blood , Vitellogenins/blood , Water Pollutants, Chemical/blood , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Biomarkers/blood , Egg Proteins/toxicity , Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity , Environmental Monitoring , Female , Geography , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/toxicity , Male , Mice , Rabbits , Spain , Vitellogenins/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
3.
Mar Environ Res ; 58(2-5): 425-9, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15178062

ABSTRACT

In this project we investigated the ecotoxicological effects of endocrine disrupters in a four-year survey of the Mediterranean population of swordfish (Xiphias gladius). In the Mediterranean environment, top predators, such as swordfish, accumulate high concentrations of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) and toxic metals, potentially incurring high toxicological risk. The effects of organochlorines and trace elements (Hg, Cd and Pb) in 192 swordfish specimens, caught in the Strait of Messina, Sicily, Italy, were investigated using vitellogenin (Vtg), zona radiata proteins (Zrp) and CYP1A (BPMO, EROD) activities. Vtg and Zrp were found to be dramatically induced in some adult male specimens, suggesting that this species is highly exposed to estrogens in the Mediterranean Sea. A role of organochlorines in this induction phenomenon is suggested by the statistically significant correlations between Zrp in plasma and PCB concentrations in muscle (p<0.032) and Vtg in plasma and PCB concentrations in liver (p<0.034) of male specimens. Levels of trace elements in liver were in the following ranges: Hg 1-22, Cd 1-28 and Pb 0-1.6 ppm d.w. These data indicate potential reproductive alterations in large pelagic fish and suggest the need for continuous monitoring to avoid reductions in the population of this fish species of high commercial and ecological interest.


Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/statistics & numerical data , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/toxicity , Metals, Heavy/toxicity , Perciformes/metabolism , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/toxicity , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Benzopyrene Hydroxylase/biosynthesis , Blotting, Western , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/biosynthesis , Egg Proteins/biosynthesis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Liver/metabolism , Mediterranean Sea , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism , Vitellogenins/biosynthesis
4.
Environ Monit Assess ; 75(3): 235-9, 2002 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12004977

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to demonstrate induction of vitellogenin in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as a biomarker for monitoring freshwater ecosystems. Sexually undifferentiated specimens of common carp were treated experimentally with 17beta-estradiol and increasing doses of 4-nonylphenol and levels of plasma Vtg were measured in order to: 1) validate an ELISA assay for plasma Vtg in the common carp using the polyclonal rabbit anti-salmon Vtg antibody AA1 (Biosense, Norway); 2) check the sensitivity of carp juveniles in producing Vtg in response to estrogen stimulation. The group treated with 17beta-estradiol showed high induction (156%) with respect to controls, also groups treated with 4-nonylphenol showed induction of Vtg. The group treated with 100 mg kg(-1) b.wt showed an induction of 61%. A statistically significant correlation was found between dose and response. This preliminary study demonstrate a response to the ELISA assay for Vtg in the common carp using rabbit anti-salmon antibody AA1. With further evidence the tested biomarker might be proposed for large scale monitoring of estrogenic effects caused by pollution in urban and industrial effluents.


Subject(s)
Carps/physiology , Environmental Exposure , Estradiol/pharmacology , Phenols/pharmacology , Vitellogenins/biosynthesis , Animals , Biomarkers/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Estradiol/adverse effects , Phenols/adverse effects , Sensitivity and Specificity
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