Characterization and antifungal activity of chlorhexidine:ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes.

Aim: This study aimed to develop, characterize and analyze the antifungal activity of chlorhexidine:ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (Chx:ßCD). Materials & methods: Chx:ßCD were characterized by physicochemical techniques and the susceptibility of nine Candida strains was assessed. The inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm growth was evaluated in a denture material modified with the incorporation of Chx:ßCD. Results: Chx was better complexed in 1:2 molar ratio by freeze-drying. Chx:ßCD presented antifungal activity against all Candida strains. When incorporated into the denture material, Chx:ßCD showed better antifungal activity, as it required about 7.5% of Chx concentration compared with the raw Chx for 14 days. Conclusion: The improved characteristics of Chx:ßCD can result in new formulations to treat oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis.

Many people who wear dentures can get a fungal infection called denture stomatitis. Treating this infection is hard because it often comes back. There are many reasons why it can come back, like not following instructions, taking the wrong amount of medicine or having a bad reaction to the drugs. Using old and poorly fitting dentures and the difficulty to maintain the medicine in the right place can also make it harder to get better. One idea to make treatment easier is to add stronger drugs with fewer side effects to the material used to make dentures. That way, patients would only need to wear dentures with the right amount of medicine for a certain time to treat the infection.

Characterization, Antifungal Evaluation against Candida spp. Strains and Application of Nystatin: ß-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes.

BACKGROUND: Nystatin (Nys) is a fungicidal drug commonly prescribed for candidiasis disease in several administration routes. However, Nys is a class IV drug, according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, that possesses limited bioavailability and is used for local activity. OBJECTIVE: This study developed and characterized nystatin:ß-cyclodextrin (Nys:ßCD) inclusion complexes and evaluated their activity against Candida spp. METHODS: Complexes were characterized by physicochemical techniques and drug dissolution profiles. The susceptibility of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, and C. auris was assessed using the broth microdilution method. The applicability of Nys:ßCD inclusion complex was evaluated by incorporating it into a temporary soft material for denture stomatitis treatment. RESULTS: Nys was better complexed in a 1:1 molar ratio by freeze-drying and spray-drying methods. The inclusion complexes show bi-exponential release, an initial burst release followed by a sustained manner, presenting higher dissolution efficiency than raw Nys. The 1:1 freeze-drying Nys:ßCD complex presents antifungal activity against all evaluated Candida strains, showing the maintenance of the drug effectiveness. The inclusion complex incorporated into a tissue conditioner material for denture stomatitis treatment effectively inhibited more than 90% of C. albicans biofilm growth during 7 and 14 days, in a half dose compared to raw Nys. CONCLUSION: This work represents a significant contribution to treating a wide variety of diseases caused by the Candida species, optimizing the drug bioavailability and compliance to the treatment due to improved drug solubility, dissolution, and sustained delivery.

Excess Body Weight, Snack Limits and Dental Caries in Brazilian Preschoolers: A Population-Based Study

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between excess body weight (EBW) and the prevalence of dental caries in preschoolers considering parental control regarding snack consumption. Material and Methods: An observational, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at Municipal Child Education Centers in the city of Curitiba, Brazil, involving a representative sample of 686 preschool children aged four to five years and eleven months and their parents/caregivers. Dental caries was analyzed using the dmft index. Weight and height were measured for the determination of the body mass index, which was categorized for each zscore range considering age and sex. Children with overweight or obesity were considered to have EBW. The assessment of nutritional status was performed with the aid of the WHO Anthro and WHO Anthro Plus programs. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analysis with robust variance (α= 0.05). Results: The children with EBW had a lower prevalence rate of caries, but this association lost its significance when adjusted by the other variables included in the multivariate model. In the multivariate regression analysis, household income per capita (PR=0.804; 95%CI: 0.665-0.972), child's age (PR=1.015; 95%CI: 1.001-1.029) and snack limits (PR=0.839; 95%IC: 0.732-0.962) were associated with a greater prevalence rate of dental caries. Conclusion: Excess body weight was not significantly associated with dental caries, whereas a lower parental limit regarding snack consumption by the children was independently associated with a higher prevalence rate of dental caries.

Healthy and cariogenic foods consumption and dental caries: A preschool-based cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of the consumption of healthy and cariogenic foods with the prevalence of untreated dental caries among preschool children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 427 5-year-old preschoolers. Caries was evaluated through a clinical examination using dmft index. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire addressing socioeconomic status, eating frequency, and oral hygiene habits. RESULTS: The prevalence of untreated caries was 51%. The multiple models demonstrated a seven percent increase in the prevalence of untreated caries with each additional daily contact with cariogenic foods, whereas a four percent reduction in this prevalence rate was found for each additional contact with healthy foods. When the number of daily contacts with cariogenic and healthy foods was incorporated into the same model, the former reached only borderline statistical significance (p = 0.05), whereas the latter maintained an association with lower caries rates (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: A dietary assessment based solely on the frequency of the consumption of cariogenic foods may not be sufficient to understand the occurrence of dental caries in preschool children. It is necessary a more comprehensive evaluation of the dietary pattern, once a healthy diet can present an association with lower prevalence of caries even among preschool children who consume cariogenic foods.

Cleidocranial dysplasia: diagnosis, surgical and orthodontic planning and interventions in a pediatric patient / Displasia cleidocraneal: diagnóstico, planificación quirúrgica y ortodóncica e intervenciones en un paciente pediátrico

Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant bone disorder caused by a defect in the CBFA1 gene and characterized by skeletal, craniofacial and orodental anomalies. This paper describes the main aspects of a case of CCD from diagnosis and planning to the first step of the interventions. An 11-year-old male patient sought the pediatric dentistry clinic of the Federal University of Paraná (Brazil) with the complaint of the prolonged retention of nearly all his primary teeth. Clinical and imaging exams led to the diagnosis of CCD and the treatment plan was outlined. The first step consisted of the extraction of 4 primary, 2 permanent and 2 supernumerary teeth from the maxilla, followed by palate separation, traction of the impacted teeth and reverse traction of the maxilla. The patient remains in treatment. Clinical follow up as well as the awareness and motivation of the family are important factors in such cases.

La displasia cleidocraneal (CCD) es un trastorno óseo, autosómico dominante, causado por un defecto en el gen CBFA1 y se caracteriza por anomalías esqueléticas, craneofaciales y bucodentales. En este trabajo se describen los principales aspectos de un caso de CCD, desde el diagnóstico y la planificación para la primera etapa de las intervenciones. Un paciente varón de 11 años de edad, concurrió a la Clínica de Odontología Pediátrica de la Universidad Federal de Paraná (Brasil) con un problema de retención prolongada de casi todos sus dientes de leche. Se describen los exámenes clínicos y de imagen dirigidos al diagnóstico de la CCD y el plan de tratamiento. La primera etapa consistió en la extracción de cuatro dientes primarios, dos dientes permanentes y dos dientes supernumerarios del maxilar, seguido de separación del paladar, tracción de los dientes afectados y tracción inversa del maxilar. El paciente permanece en tratamiento. El seguimiento clínico, así como la concientización y motivación de la familia son factores importantes en este tipo de casos.

Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia: case report

Introduction: Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia is a pathologic entity resulting from bone and cementum reactional process which affects the periapical region of the anterior mandible. Its etiology is not fully understood, but possibly it is related to an unusual bone and cementum response to some local factor. Objective: The aim of this study is to present a case of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia. Case report: A 50 years-old female patient sought for dental care due to pain in the lower right premolar region. The panoramic radiography revealed the presence of an extensive radiolucent lesion with radiopaque areas located between the roots of the teeth #43 and #35. Teeth presented vitality and it was not observed any changes involving the periodontal ligament. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia diagnosis was established through clinical and radiographic features. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia does not require any treatment unless complications occur. Patient's complaint of discomfort was related to occlusal imbalance and was solved after the occlusion reestablishment. The patient was radiographically followed-up for 12 months and the lesion exhibits satisfactory signs of healing. Conclusion: The dentists need to be aware of asymptomatic intra-osseous lesions affecting the anterior region of mandible not to misconduct the diagnosis that could compromise the patient's oral health.