Student nurses at Spanish universities and their attitude toward xenotransplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Recent immunological and transgenic advances are a promising alternative using limited materials of human origin for transplantation. However, it is essential to achieve social acceptance of this therapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the attitude of nursing students from Spanish universities toward organ xenotransplantation (XTx) and to determine the factors affecting their attitude. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Type of study: A sociological, multicentre, and observational study. STUDY POPULATION: Nursing students enrolled in Spain (n = 28,000). SAMPLE SIZE: A sample of 10 566 students estimating a proportion of 76% (99% confidence and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographical area and year of study. Instrument of measurement: A validated questionnaire (PCID-XenoTx-RIOS) was handed out to every student in a compulsory session. This survey was self-administered and self-completed voluntarily and anonymously by each student in a period of 5-10 min. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: descriptive analysis, Student's t test, the chi-square test, and a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A completion rate: 84% (n = 8913) was obtained. If the results of XTx were as good as in human donation, 74% (n = 6564) would be in favor and 22% (n = 1946) would have doubts. The following variables affected this attitude: age (P < 0.001); sex (P < 0.001); geographical location (P < 0.001); academic year of study (P < 0.001); attitude toward organ donation (P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (P < 0.001); discussion of transplantation with one's family (P < 0.001) and friends (P < 0.001); and the opinion of one's partner (P < 0.001). The following variables persisted in the multivariate analysis: being a male (OR = 1.436; P < 0.001); geographical location (OR = 1.937; P < 0.001); an attitude in favor of donation (OR = 1.519; P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (OR = 1.497; P = 0.036); and having spoken about the issue with family (OR = 1.351; P < 0.001) or friends (OR = 1.240; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The attitude of nursing students toward organ XTx is favorable and is associated with factors of general knowledge about organ donation and transplantation and social interaction.

Social Epidemiology in HIV/AIDS: What Else Should We Consider to Prevent the HIV/AIDS Progression?

More than 35 years after the description of the first cases of a new immunodeficiency syndrome that was named AIDS, health care providers hardly have a global perspective of those factors that coexist with this syndrome and also contribute to immunosupression and progression of disease. This report presents some of these factors (drug use, nutrition, psychological conditions, socioeconomic factors) to propose some areas of research and intervention strategies that could prevent the progression of HIV/AIDS.

Burnout and depression among Spanish periodontology practitioners

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and depression symptoms among periodontology practitioners, as well as the relationship with socio-demographic variables and work stress.Study Design: A total of 284 subjects, members of the Spanish Society of Periodontology (SEPA), were selected for this study. The Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Tetradimensional Estructural Questionnaire for Depression (TEC-DE) were sent by post to all participants. Descriptive statistics in addition to mean comparison and chi-square test were used for data analysis. Results: A response rate of 59.85% was obtained. From the total sample, 40% shows high levels of emotional exhaustion,20% increased depersonalization and 11.20% diminished personal accomplishment. The prevalence of any depression symptom was nearly 16%. Moreover, higher prevalence was found among those practitioners not working a continuous shift and not practicing periodontology on an exclusive basis.Conclusion: Among Spanish periodontology practitioners, a high prevalence of burnout and depression exists(AU)

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Burnout and depression among Spanish periodontology practitioners.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and depression symptoms among periodontology practitioners, as well as the relationship with socio-demographic variables and work stress. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 284 subjects, members of the Spanish Society of Periodontology (SEPA), were selected for this study. The Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Tetradimensional Estructural Questionnaire for Depression (TEC-DE) were sent by post to all participants. Descriptive statistics in addition to mean comparison and chi-square test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: A response rate of 59.85% was obtained. From the total sample, 40% shows high levels of emotional exhaustion, 20% increased depersonalization and 11.20% diminished personal accomplishment. The prevalence of any depression symptom was nearly 16%. Moreover, higher prevalence was found among those practitioners not working a continuous shift and not practicing periodontology on an exclusive basis. CONCLUSION: Among Spanish periodontology practitioners, a high prevalence of burnout and depression exists.