ABSTRACT
Anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of both aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkynes with primary amines was achieved using an 8-quinolinolato rhodium catalyst to form aldimines and enamines in high yields. This catalytic system realized high functional group tolerance including hydroxy, bromo, cyano, and thioester groups.
Subject(s)
Rhodium , Alkynes , Amines , CatalysisABSTRACT
Both 2:1 and 1:1 couplings of alkylacetylenes with secondary amines were achieved using 8-quinolinolato rhodium catalysts and CsF. The 2:1/1:1 selectivity was switched by choosing the reaction solvent. In DMA, an unprecedented 2:1 coupling reaction of alkylacetylenes with amines proceeded to give 2-aminodiene products. One-pot 2:1 coupling/reduction provided rapid access to various allylamines, while one-pot coupling/hydrolysis gave enones as products. In toluene, anti-Markovnikov hydroamination occurred under relatively mild conditions to give 1:1 coupling products.
ABSTRACT
We report a hydroaminative cyclization of enynes using phosphine-quinolinolato rhodium catalysts. The hydroaminative cyclization of 2-vinylphenylacetylene derivatives with secondary amines gives 2-aminoindenes in good yields. The reaction is considered to proceed through carbon-carbon bond formation on a catalytically generated aminocarbene ligand.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Mild to moderate chest trauma is a common disease, although its clinical characteristics are not well known. We investigated the clinical profiles and the early and long-term outcome of hospitalized patients with chest trauma, focusing particularly on elderly patients. METHODS: The clinical records of patients who were hospitalized in Higashisumiyoshi Morimoto Hospital for chest trauma between January 2001 and December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical profiles, treatment methods, and outcomes were investigated. The primary endpoint was a repeat visit to the hospital for another traumatic condition after discharge, and the secondary endpoint was death. The patients were divided into two groups with respect to the age of 60 years, and differences were compared statistically. RESULTS: In all, 53 patients (34 men) were hospitalized for chest trauma in our hospital between January 2001 and December 2004. The mean age was 54.9 years (17-85 years). The distribution of age showed biphasic peaks-in the tens to twenties, and sixties to seventies. Injuries were significantly more likely to be caused by a fall in elderly patients than in younger patients (P < 0.05). The elderly patients revisited our hospital with another trauma more frequently than did the younger patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients were likely to suffer both falls and a further traumatic condition. This probably reflects the general deterioration of physical abilities, such as lowered cognitive and somatic performances.
Subject(s)
Aging , Thoracic Injuries/therapy , Accidental Falls/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Readmission , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Thoracic Injuries/etiology , Thoracic Injuries/mortality , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: A method for isolation and primary monolayer culture of pancreatic endocrine (PE) cells from the porcine pancreas has already been established. It is very important for the PE cell preparation to expand the pancreas to separate PE cells from acinar cells. For this purpose, we developed a pancreatic injection system. AIM: To compare two pancreatic injection methods: perfusion from an accessory pancreatic duct (cannulation method) and the traditional pancreatic tissue injection method (multiple injection method). RESULTS: A comparison of the results of the two methods revealed that the PE cell yield was significantly higher with the cannulation method (2.97 +/- 0.59 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) than with the multiple injection method (0.89 +/- 0.15 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) (p < 0.0001). The number of dithizone-positive cells was significantly higher with the cannulation method (1.64 +/- 0.36 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) than with the multiple injection method (0.36 +/- 0.09 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) (p < 0.0001). The number of adhesion cells after 7 days of culture following isolation was higher with the cannulation method (1.07 +/- 0.26 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) than with the multiple injection method (0.36 +/- 0.03 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) (p < 0.0001). The glucose stimulation index of insulin secretion was higher with the cannulation method than with the multiple injection method (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that pancreatic duct perfusion is useful for obtaining a high yield of PE cells from porcine pancreases.
Subject(s)
Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Cell Separation/methods , Islets of Langerhans/cytology , Pancreatic Ducts , Animals , Catheterization , Cell Count , Cells, Cultured , Injections/methods , Insulin/metabolism , Insulin Secretion , Islets of Langerhans/drug effects , Islets of Langerhans/metabolism , Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism , SwineABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Power Doppler ultrasonography can evaluate the hemodynamics of intrahepatic tumors. The ability of power Doppler ultrasonography to detect small hepatocellular carcinomas and estimate the differentiation of the tumor by the patterns of intranodular waves was assessed. METHODS: We used conventional B-mode ultrasonography, power Doppler ultrasonography, and dynamic computed tomography to examine 71 hepatocellular carcinomas (
