Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Blood Pressure, and Substrate Utilization During Exercise Among Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Patients With Excessive Adiposity.

Regular exercise training is a recognized lifestyle strategy to lower resting blood pressure (BP), but little is known about substrate metabolism in population with high BP. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 16-weeks of HIIT on body composition, BP, cardiorespiratory fitness by V . O2 max , and substrate utilization during exercise among prehypertensive and hypertensive patients with excessive adiposity. We also aimed to test the potential association between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, substrate utilization during exercise and BP. Forty-two physically inactive overweight/obese participants participated in 16-weeks of HIIT intervention. The HIIT frequency was three times a week (work ratio 1:2:10, for interval cycling: rest period: repeated times; 80-100% of the maximum heart rate). Groups were distributed based on their baseline BP: HIIT-hypertensive (H-HTN: age 47.7 ± 12.0 years; body mass index [BMI] 30.3 ± 5.5 kg/m2; systolic [SBP]/diastolic BP [DBP] 151.6 ± 10/81.9 ± 4.2 mmHg), HIIT-pre-hypertensive (H-PreHTN: age 37.6 ± 12.0 years; BMI 31.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2; SBP/DBP 134.4 ± 3.2/74.9 ± 7.0 mmHg), and a normotensive control group (H-CG: age 40.7 ± 11.0 years; BMI 29.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2; SBP/DBP 117.0 ± 6.2/72.4 ± 4.1 mmHg). Anthropometry/body composition, BP, and metabolic substrate utilization during exercise (fat [FATox], carbohydrate [CHOox] oxidation, respiratory exchange ratio [RER], and V . O2 max), were measured before and after the 16-week HIIT intervention. Adjusted mixed linear models revealed a significant improved in V . O2 max were + 3.34 in the H-CG, + 3.63 in the H-PreHTN, and + 5.92 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1, in the H-HTN group, however, the Time × Group interaction were not significant (p = 0.083). All the exercise types induced similar decreases on SBP (-8.70) in the H-HTN, (-7.14) in the H-CG, and (-5.11) mmHg in the H-PreHTN, as well as DBP levels (-5.43) mmHg in H-CG group (p = 0.032 vs. H-HTN group). At 16-week, no significant correlations were noted for the changes of blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness or exercise metabolism substrates outcomes. In conclusion, our results suggest that a 16-week HIIT-intervention improved V . O2 max and blood pressure BP, but these changes are independent of substrate utilization during exercise in normotensive and hypertensive participants with excessive adiposity.

El entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad incrementa la utilización de ácidos grasos en sujetos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Un estudio aleatorio / High intensity interval training increases the utilization of fatty acids in subjects with overweight or obesity. A randomized study

INTRODUCCIÓN: el efecto del entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad (HIIT) sobre la utilización de grasas durante el ejercicio necesita ser estudiado en mayor profundidad. OBJETIVO: determinar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento HIIT en sujetos con sobrepeso u obesidad sobre la utilización de grasas, la composición corporal y variables cardiovasculares. El segundo objetivo fue comparar las variables de estudio según el tiempo de duración del programa (es decir, 12,16 y 20 semanas). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se estudiaron 30 sujetos (edad, 44,8 ± 11,6 años). Se formaron 3 grupos de forma aleatoria: el G1 realizó 12 semanas (G1, n = 12, 48,08 ± 8,20 años); el G2 realizó 16 semanas (G2, n = 10, 42,10 ± 11,60 años) y el G3 realizó 20 semanas (G3, n = 8, 43,38 ± 15,76 años). Todos los grupos realizaron el mismo protocolo de HIIT 3 veces por semana. RESULTADOS: los tres grupos presentaron una disminución de la grasa corporal de forma significativa (p < 0,05), sin diferencias entre grupos. Las variables cardiovasculares no reportaron diferencias entre grupos (p interacción > 0,05). Sin embargo, los grupos disminuyeron la presión arterial sistólica (p < 0,05). En el análisis pre vs. post, los tres grupos presentaron mejoras en el VO2max, sin diferencias entre grupos (p interacción, > 0,05). Por último, los tres grupos aumentaron la utilización de grasas durante el ejercicio (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: el programa incrementó la utilización de grasas durante el ejercicio, disminuyó el tanto por ciento de grasa corporal y se mejoraron parámetros cardiovasculares; sin embargo, después de las 12 semanas es recomendable aplicar variaciones al entrenamiento para maximizar los resultados

INTRODUCTION: the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on fat utilization during exercise needs to be studied in depth. OBJECTIVE: to determine the effect of HIIT training program in subjects with overweight or obesity on the use of fat during exercise, body composition and cardiovascular variables. The second objective was to compare the variables according to the duration of the program (i.e., 12, 16 and 20 weeks). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 subjects were studied (age 44.8 ± 11.6 years). Three groups were formed at random, the G1 (12 weeks, n = 12, 48.08 ± 8.20 years), G2 (16 weeks, n = 10, 42.10 ± 11.60 years) and G3 (20 weeks, n = 8, 43.38 ± 15.76 years). All groups performed HIIT 3 times per week. RESULTS: the three groups showed a significant decrease in body fat percentage (p < 0.05), without differences between groups. Similarly, cardiovascular variables did not report differences between groups (p-interaction > 0.05) after the intervention; however, the groups reported a significant decrease systolic blood pressure (p < 0, 05). In the pre vs. post analysis by groups, the three groups showed improvements in VO2max without differences between groups (p-interaction > 0.05). Finally, the three groups increased the fats utilization during exercise (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: the program increased fat utilization during exercise, decreased body fat % and improved cardiovascular parameters, however after 12 training weeks it is advisable to apply variations to training to maximize results

[High intensity interval training increases the utilization of fatty acids in subjects with overweight or obesity. A randomized study]. / El entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad incrementa la utilización de ácidos grasos en sujetos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Un estudio aleatorio.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on fat utilization during exercise needs to be studied in depth. Objective: to determine the effect of HIIT training program in subjects with overweight or obesity on the use of fat during exercise, body composition and cardiovascular variables. The second objective was to compare the variables according to the duration of the program (i.e., 12, 16 and 20 weeks). Material and methods: 30 subjects were studied (age 44.8 ± 11.6 years). Three groups were formed at random, the G1 (12 weeks, n = 12, 48.08 ± 8.20 years), G2 (16 weeks, n = 10, 42.10 ± 11.60 years) and G3 (20 weeks, n = 8, 43.38 ± 15.76 years). All groups performed HIIT 3 times per week. Results: the three groups showed a significant decrease in body fat percentage (p < 0.05), without differences between groups. Similarly, cardiovascular variables did not report differences between groups (p-interaction > 0.05) after the intervention; however, the groups reported a significant decrease systolic blood pressure (p < 0, 05). In the pre vs. post analysis by groups, the three groups showed improvements in VO2max without differences between groups (p-interaction > 0.05). Finally, the three groups increased the fats utilization during exercise (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the program increased fat utilization during exercise, decreased body fat % and improved cardiovascular parameters, however after 12 training weeks it is advisable to apply variations to training to maximize results.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el efecto del entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad (HIIT) sobre la utilización de grasas durante el ejercicio necesita ser estudiado en mayor profundidad. Objetivo: determinar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento HIIT en sujetos con sobrepeso u obesidad sobre la utilización de grasas, la composición corporal y variables cardiovasculares. El segundo objetivo fue comparar las variables de estudio según el tiempo de duración del programa (es decir, 12,16 y 20 semanas). Material y métodos: se estudiaron 30 sujetos (edad, 44,8 ± 11,6 años). Se formaron 3 grupos de forma aleatoria: el G1 realizó 12 semanas (G1, n = 12, 48,08 ± 8,20 años); el G2 realizó 16 semanas (G2, n = 10, 42,10 ± 11,60 años) y el G3 realizó 20 semanas (G3, n = 8, 43,38 ± 15,76 años). Todos los grupos realizaron el mismo protocolo de HIIT 3 veces por semana. Resultados: los tres grupos presentaron una disminución del tanto por ciento de grasa corporal de forma significativa (p < 0,05), sin diferencias entre grupos. Las variables cardiovasculares no reportaron diferencias entre grupos (p interacción > 0,05). Sin embargo, los grupos disminuyeron la presión arterial sistólica (p < 0,05). En el análisis previo frente al posterior, los tres grupos presentaron mejoras en el VO2max, sin diferencias entre grupos (p interacción, > 0,05). Por último, los tres grupos aumentaron la utilización de grasas durante el ejercicio (p < 0,05). Conclusión: el programa incrementó la utilización de grasas durante el ejercicio, disminuyó el tanto por ciento de grasa corporal y se mejoraron parámetros cardiovasculares; sin embargo, después de las 12 semanas es recomendable aplicar variaciones al entrenamiento para maximizar los resultados.