ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case involving a patient with presumed panretinal ritonavir-induced retinopathy. METHODS: A 52-year-old, HIV-positive patient, with no criteria for AIDS associated with the use of ritonavir for more than 10 years, underwent clinical examination, fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence imaging. RESULTS: Fundus examination revealed areas of atrophy and hypertrophy in the retinal pigment epithelium throughout the retina. Laboratory tests for other diseases were all negative. CONCLUSION: HIV-positive patients undergoing ritonavir therapy should be carefully followed in the presence of low-acuity vision complaints and retinal changes.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , HIV , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology , Ritonavir/adverse effects , Visual Acuity , Fluorescein Angiography/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Fundus Oculi , HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects , HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Ritonavir/therapeutic use , Time Factors , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To characterize multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS)-like lesions as diagnosed by clinical exam and fluorescein angiography (FA) to build an epidemiological profile of this disease and highlight the most common angiographical aspects. It is important to emphasize the existence of this syndrome and improve patients' information about the natural good course of this disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including all FA performed from July 2006 to October 2012 (6,111 exams analyzed) in patients at our ophthalmic emergency department, with analysis of the different angiographic aspects of the MEWDS-diagnosed cases. RESULTS: Among the 6,111 angiographies analyzed, 15 MEWDS cases were detected; the patients ranged in age from 13 to 42 years old, and the male/female ratio was 60% to 40% (nine male and six female). The most common FA aspects included hyperfluorescent dots, dots and spots in the retinal mid-periphery, and foveal granularity in 46% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: MEWDS has a good prognosis, with spontaneous involution, which makes it difficult to diagnose because of the delayed access to ophthalmological assistance, in special FA examination, which highlights the lesions. This study was possible due to the quick access facility at a private ophthalmic emergency department and examination by an experienced ophthalmologist, along with complementary diagnosis by FA and better perception of the patients, thus ensuring good prognosis.
Subject(s)
Fluorescein Angiography , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Emergency Service, Hospital , Female , Humans , Male , Retinal Diseases/physiopathology , Syndrome , Urban Population , Visual Acuity , Young AdultABSTRACT
ABSTRACTPurpose:To characterize multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS)-like lesions as diagnosed by clinical exam and fluorescein angiography (FA) to build an epidemiological profile of this disease and highlight the most common angiographical aspects. It is important to emphasize the existence of this syndrome and improve patients’ information about the natural good course of this disease.Methods:A cross-sectional study including all FA performed from July 2006 to October 2012 (6,111 exams analyzed) in patients at our ophthalmic emergency department, with analysis of the different angiographic aspects of the MEWDS-diagnosed cases.Results:Among the 6,111 angiographies analyzed, 15 MEWDS cases were detected; the patients ranged in age from 13 to 42 years old, and the male/female ratio was 60% to 40% (nine male and six female). The most common FA aspects included hyperfluorescent dots, dots and spots in the retinal mid-periphery, and foveal granularity in 46% of the cases.Conclusions:MEWDS has a good prognosis, with spontaneous involution, which makes it difficult to diagnose because of the delayed access to ophthalmological assistance, in special FA examination, which highlights the lesions. This study was possible due to the quick access facility at a private ophthalmic emergency department and examination by an experienced ophthalmologist, along with complementary diagnosis by FA and better perception of the patients, thus ensuring good prognosis.
RESUMOObjetivo:Foi determinada a prevalência de lesões similares as da síndrome dos pontos brancos evanescentes (MEWDS) diagnosticados à angiografia, traçando um perfil epidemiológico e destacando os principais aspectos angiográficos encontrados. O objetivo final visa a atentar o examinador menos experiente para identificação desta entidade clínica, muitas vezes subdiagnosticada, além de tranquilizar o paciente acerca do prognóstico da doença.Método:Estudo transversal de todas as angiografias fluorescentes realizadas no período de julho de 2006 a outubro de 2012 (total de 6.111 exames), provenientes dos atendimentos de emergência oftalmológica seguidos de análise angiográfica. Assim, os casos diagnosticados como MEWDS foram estudados no que compete às diferentes manifestações angiográficas desta doença.Resultados:Dentre as 6.111 angiografias analisadas, de pacientes provenientes da emergência, foram detectados 15 casos de MEWDS, com perfil epidemiológico de idade variando entre 13 e 42 anos, sendo 9 homens (60%) e 6 mulheres (40%). Os aspectos angiográficos mais encontrados foram os pontos hiperfluorescentes difusos, pontos hiperfluorescentes associados a manchas hiperfluorescentes em média periferia, e aspecto foveal granulado, este último em aproximadamente metade dos casos (46%).Conclusão:MEWDS possui bom prognóstico pela involução espontânea e dificilmente é diagnosticada, devido ao retardo do acesso do paciente ao atendimento oftalmológico e, principalmente, à angiografia, que evidencia melhor as lesões. Este estudo tornou-se possível em virtude da facilidade do acesso à emergência oftalmológica privada, além de avaliação por oftalmologista experiente e da complementação diagnóstica pela angiofluoresceinografia. O fechamento deste diagnóstico permite tranquilizar o paciente acerca da boa evolução do quadro, além de afastar causas de baixa visual de mau prognóstico.
