The influence of litter birth weight phenotype on embryonic and placental development at day 30 of gestation in multiparous purebred Large White sows.

The aim of this study was to understand the intrauterine biological processes associated with the low litter birth weight phenotype in pigs. Analyses were conducted on reproductive data from a purebred Large White maternal line to identify sows (>2 parities) with repeatable high or low litter birth weight phenotype (HLBWP or LLBWP). A total of 40 sows were selected (n = 20 HLBWP and n = 20 LLBWP) and bred with semen from purebred Large White boars of proven fertility. Sows were euthanized on day 28-30 of gestation (day 29.5 ± 0.6) and samples of placenta and embryos collected. Total number of embryos (TNE), embryonic weight (EW), embryonic viability, and crown-rump (CRL) measurements were recorded, along with the ovulation rate (OR) and allantochorionic fluid volume (AFV). No significant difference was detected (P > 0.05) in OR, TNE, and number of viable embryos on day 30 of gestation between the two groups. There was no significant difference in EW (LLBWP: 0.80 ± 0.05 g; HLBWP: 0.88 ± 0.04 g, P = 0.18) or CRL (LLBWP: 21.5 ± 0.7 mm; HLBWP: 21.9 ± 0.68 mm, P = 0.46). Placental development represented by the average AFV was significantly lower in the LLBWP compared to HLBWP (LLBWP: 131 ± 9.82 mL; HLBWP: 149 ± 9.39 mL, P = 0.03). In conclusion, placental development may be the main factor causing lower BW of entire litters in LLBWP sows.

Molecular characterization and mapping of ALMT1, the aluminium-tolerance gene of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The major aluminum (Al) tolerance gene in wheat ALMT1 confers. An Al-activated efflux of malate from root apices. We determined the genomic structure of the ALMT1 gene and found it consists of 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns. Sequencing a range of wheat genotypes identified 3 alleles for ALMT1, 1 of which was identical to the ALMT1 gene from an Aegilops tauschii accession. The ALMT1 gene was mapped to chromosome 4DL using 'Chinese Spring' deletion lines, and loss of ALMT1 coincided with the loss of both Al tolerance and Al-activated malate efflux. Aluminium tolerance in each of 5 different doubled-haploid populations was found to be conditioned by a single major gene. When ALMT1 was polymorphic between the parental lines, QTL and linkage analyses indicated that ALMT1 mapped to chromosome 4DL and cosegregated with Al tolerance. In 2 populations examined, Al tolerance also segregated with a greater capacity for Al-activated malate efflux. Aluminium tolerance was not associated with a particular coding allele for ALMT1, but was significantly correlated with the relative level of ALMT1 expression. These findings suggest that the Al tolerance in a diverse range of wheat genotypes is primarily conditioned by ALMT1.

Single-stage laparoscopic and endoscopic treatment for choledocholithiasis: a novel approach.

The transcystic approach is ideal for the management of choledocholithiasis detected during the course of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. When this approach is not possible or fails, current alternatives include laparoscopic choledochotomy, conversion to open common bile duct exploration, or postoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES). Intraoperative ES is not routinely advised, as it is thought to be difficult to carry out in the operating room with the patient in the supine position. We challenged this concept and have performed ES intraoperatively when the transcystic approach had failed. Five consecutive patients in whom transcystic extraction of choledocholiths had failed underwent intraoperative ES. The laparoscopic procedure was terminated, the trocars were removed, the wounds were closed, and the patients were placed in the left lateral decubitus position. In this position, the endoscope was inserted, ES was performed under fluoroscopic guidance, and choledocholithiasis was treated. There were no difficulties or complications, and the postoperative course was similar to that of a simple laparoscopic cholecystectomy in all five patients. Intraoperative ES is a viable and effective treatment for choledocholithiasis when the transcystic approach fails. This novel approach to choledocholithiasis is well tolerated and may save the extra time and effort associated with all other current alternatives.

[Adenocarcinoma of anal canal. Report of a case and review of the literature]. / Adenocarcinoma del canal anal. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Carcinomas of the anal channel includes only 2 to 6 per cent of all colorectal tumors. They are squamous cell carcinomas, cloacogenic carcinoma and unusually, adenocarcinomas. A 41 year old man in which an adenocarcinoma of the anal channel developed within a chronic perianal fistula, is presented. A review of the literature about adenocarcinoma or the anus is made, and then the incidence, probable etiologies, biologic behavior, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment are enunciated. This rare tumor is associated with chronic inflammatory disease of the anal channel because of its etiology (fistula-in-ano, condyloma acuminata), because of cellular changes that are perpetuated by local immunologic blockade. We conclude that any chronic inflammatory disease must be treated early and adequately to avoid metaplastic and frank neoplastic changes. A deep and early biopsy of any benign lesion must be made if it does not respond to treatment, and a histopathologic exam of any tissue resected in orificial surgery must be performed. We suggest to use the classification of histological typing used by the W.H.O. and the staging of cancer by the U.I.C.C. and A.J.C.C. (1987).

Adenocarcinoma del canal anal: reporte de un caso y revision de la literatura / Adenocarcinoma of anal canal: report of a case and review of the literature

Los tumores malignos del canal anal representan entre el 2 al 6 por ciento de todos los cánceres ano-recto-colónicos. Son epidermoides, cloacogénicos y excepcionalmente adenocarcinomas. Presentamos un caso clínico de adenocarcinoma del canal en un paciente de sexo masculino de 41 años de edad originado en fístulas perianales crónicas. Se efectúa la revisión perianales crónicas. Se efectúa la revisión bibliográfica sobre adenocarcinoma del ano, a partir de la cual se enuncia su incidencia, etiologías, comportamiento biológico, presentación clínica, metodología diagnóstica, diagnósticos diferenciales y tratamiento. A este raro tumor se lo vincula en su etiología con procesos inflamatorios crónicos (fístula perianal, condiloma acuminado), a consecuencia de cambios celulares perpetuados por el bloqueo inmunológico local. Se concluye que todo proceso inflamatorio crónico debe ser tratado temprana y adecuadamente para evitar su cambio degenerativo. Se debe hacer biopsia profunda y temprana de toda lesión benigna que no responda al tratameitno y un examen histopatológico sistemático de todo tejido que se reseque en cirugía orificial. Aconsejamos la clasificación y nomenclatura propuesta por la O.M.S. y la estadiación de los tumores anales según la U.I.C.C. y A.J.C.C. del año 1987 (AU)

Adenocarcinoma del canal anal. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura. / [Adenocarcinoma of anal canal. Report of a case and review of the literature]

Carcinomas of the anal channel includes only 2 to 6 per cent of all colorectal tumors. They are squamous cell carcinomas, cloacogenic carcinoma and unusually, adenocarcinomas. A 41 year old man in which an adenocarcinoma of the anal channel developed within a chronic perianal fistula, is presented. A review of the literature about adenocarcinoma or the anus is made, and then the incidence, probable etiologies, biologic behavior, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment are enunciated. This rare tumor is associated with chronic inflammatory disease of the anal channel because of its etiology (fistula-in-ano, condyloma acuminata), because of cellular changes that are perpetuated by local immunologic blockade. We conclude that any chronic inflammatory disease must be treated early and adequately to avoid metaplastic and frank neoplastic changes. A deep and early biopsy of any benign lesion must be made if it does not respond to treatment, and a histopathologic exam of any tissue resected in orificial surgery must be performed. We suggest to use the classification of histological typing used by the W.H.O. and the staging of cancer by the U.I.C.C. and A.J.C.C. (1987).

Adenocarcinoma del canal anal: reporte de un caso y revision de la literatura / Adenocarcinoma of anal canal: report of a case and review of the literature

Los tumores malignos del canal anal representan entre el 2 al 6 por ciento de todos los cánceres ano-recto-colónicos. Son epidermoides, cloacogénicos y excepcionalmente adenocarcinomas. Presentamos un caso clínico de adenocarcinoma del canal en un paciente de sexo masculino de 41 años de edad originado en fístulas perianales crónicas. Se efectúa la revisión perianales crónicas. Se efectúa la revisión bibliográfica sobre adenocarcinoma del ano, a partir de la cual se enuncia su incidencia, etiologías, comportamiento biológico, presentación clínica, metodología diagnóstica, diagnósticos diferenciales y tratamiento. A este raro tumor se lo vincula en su etiología con procesos inflamatorios crónicos (fístula perianal, condiloma acuminado), a consecuencia de cambios celulares perpetuados por el bloqueo inmunológico local. Se concluye que todo proceso inflamatorio crónico debe ser tratado temprana y adecuadamente para evitar su cambio degenerativo. Se debe hacer biopsia profunda y temprana de toda lesión benigna que no responda al tratameitno y un examen histopatológico sistemático de todo tejido que se reseque en cirugía orificial. Aconsejamos la clasificación y nomenclatura propuesta por la O.M.S. y la estadiación de los tumores anales según la U.I.C.C. y A.J.C.C. del año 1987

[Changes during the six years after an experimental radioactive contamination in man]. / Evolution sur six ans d'une contamination radioactive humaine expérimentale

One of us has inhaled, in very well defined conditions, a mixture of radioactive substances originating from the heart of an electronuclear reactor and able to lead to a corresponding irradiation of the magnitude of the maximum permissible quarterly dose for the lungs. This internal contamination has been monitored for six years.