[X-ray endovascular surgery in the trauma and orthopedic unit].

The review of X-ray endovascular surgical methods applied in the practice of FSF CITO named after N.N. Priorov since 1970 is presented. The complex evaluation of the altered conditions of performing angiographic examinations for the time present was carried out. The main regulations of anesthesiological provisions for angiographic studies in conditions of an in-patient trauma department are described. The methods of interventional X-ray surgery became use in patients with vertebral column and spinal medulla injuries, traumas with the threat of pulmonary thromboembolism and in patients with bone pathology. More than 200 patients with a traumatic disease of the spinal medulla and scoliotic deformities were investigated. In all patients spinal angiography with the evaluation of the spinal cord blood supply was performed. The results of more than 450 angiographic examinations the patients with bone pathology are presented. In 83 cases X-ray endovascular embolizations of the regional blood flow were done. 63 Cava Filters were implanted in patients with floating pelvic and leg vein thrombosis. Own expertise of the use of tentative Cava Filters is described. These and other data testify of X-ray endovascular methods prove to be in demand in traumatological and orthopedic practice. Their application will open new possibilities for traumatologists and orthopedists in the process of preventive measures, diagnostics and treatment the patients

[Tactics of surgical treatment for an inflammatory process of C0-C(I)-C(II) segments in the craniovertebral joint instability].

Pathological processes of C0-C(I)-C(II) segments, such as the clivus, atlas arch, dens, and body of the C, vertebra pose major problems for diagnosis and treatment. On removal of a sizable pathological focus, there may be instability of the craniovertebral segment, secondary displacement, and spinal compression syndrome. Therefore these patients frequently need stabilization of the craniovertebral transition. Patients with initial instability of the craniovertebral junction and subluxation of C(I)-C(II) segments are an intricate problem. The authors describe a rare case of an inflammatory process of C0-C(I)-C(II) segments with craniovertebtal junction instability. A differential diagnosis was made between chordoma, osteoblastoma, and an inflammatory focus at the above site. The following tactics was undertaken: the first stage was occipitospondylosynthesis with "Vertex" system with osteoplasty under Halo-traction; the second stage included transoral removal of a pathological removal of the dens and body of the C(II) vertebra, left lateral mass of the CI vertebra, and lower clivus. After removal of the pathological focus, there were portions of the abnormally changed bone with rarefaction without tumor tissue. Histologic studies revealed the signs of a chronic inflammatory process. A five-month follow-up showed that neurological symptoms and craniovertebral junction instability regressed. The control computed tomography made 5 months after surgery demonstrated the radical elimination of the pathology and the absence of C, vertebral subluxation. Thus, there is evidence for the tactics of successive operations (a stabilizing operation--posterior occipitospondylosynthesis (desirably under Halo-traction), followed by removal of a pathological focus via transoral access) in pathological processes of the craniovertebral C0-C(I)-C(II) in cases of initial craniovertebral junction instability.

[Artificial contrasting of the hip joint in children and adolescents: X-ray anatomic study]. / Iskusstvennoe kontrastirovanie tazobedrennogo sustava u detei i podrostkov (rentgeno-anatomicheskoe issledovanie).

The diagnostic capacities of currently available radiation diagnostic techniques in imaging some anatomic structures of the hip joint (HJ) were determined on the basis of studies of 70 sectional sets of HJs in children and adolescents aged 0 to 13 years through X-ray and anatomic comparisons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice in visualizing the cartilaginous and soft-tissue structures of HJ in children and adolescents. MR-arthrography extends the capacities of the technique in imaging the articular surfaces and intraarticular structures of the joint. Contrast enhancement of the HJ cavity during X-ray study and computed tomography may be an alternative to MRI as it makes it possible to well visualize the cartilaginous head of the femur, the cartilaginous borders of the cotyloid cavity, the limbus, etc. Double contrasting enhances the capacities of detailed imaging of the articular surfaces, intraarticular structures, capsules, and ligamentous apparatus of HJ. The studies performed have specified the time course of anatomic changes during HJ growth and defined the method of choice or an alternative procedure of radiation techniques in the diagnosis of these changes, which is of great importance for early detection of pathological changes and for choice of therapeutic and diagnostic policy.

[Causes of the technogenic changes in a freshwater zooplankton community]. / Prichiny tekhnogennogo izmeneniia soobshchestva presnovodnogo zooplanktona.

The situation in water bodies of northwestern Karelia in 1992-2001 was analyzed. As a result of waste discharge from the mining and ore-processing works, weakly mineralized hydrocarbonate-calcium waters changed into highly mineralized waters with the prevalence of potassium ions and sulfates. The total abundance and biomass of zooplanktonic communities decreased. Using the methods of principal components and partial correlations, differences in the responses of zooplankters to mineral pollution were revealed. Typical inhabitants of northern water bodies decreased in numbers, and the species Eudiaptomus gracilis Sars and Heterocope appendiculata Sars (Calanoida) disappeared. On the other hand, eurybiontic species prevailing in water bodies with higher mineralization manifested a positive reaction to the increase in the contents of dissolved mineral compounds. Toxicological experiments made it possible to estimate the survival threshold for E. gracilis and H. appendiculata: the populations of these crustaceans in the polluted water body perished when potassium concentration in water exceeded 50 mg/l.

[The pathogenesis of elevated intracranial pressure in children and adolescents with craniovertebral pathology]. / O patogeneze povysheniia vnutricherepnogo davleniia u detei i podrostkov pri kraniovertebral'noi patologii.

The paper deals with intracranial hypertension in children and adolescents. Thirty-six patients with the upper cervical dysplasia and identified associated intracranial hypertension were examined. Magnetic resonance imaging and functional tests were used. Some patients were diagnosed as having a thickened ligamentous apparatus at the level of craniovertebral junction, which was a cause of spinal fluid dynamic disorders and led to elevated intracranial pressure.

[The effect of humic substances on the toxicity of copper and zinc for Daphnia magna]. / Vliianie guminovykh veshchestv na toksichnost' medi i tsinka dlia Daphnia magna.

The results of laboratory experiments of humic matter influence on toxic resistance of Daphnia magna to zinc and copper using water samples from a few Karelia water bodies are presented. The increasing of humic matter content in water samples has been shown to promote the binding of a part of metals in organic complexes that leads to decrease of their toxicity for hydrobionts.