[Complications of the acute scrotum syndrome in children].

AIM: To establish causes of complications and repeated surgical procedures in patients with acute scrotal pathology during the short- and long-term follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The treatment results of 3315 patients aged 0 to 18 years with various forms of acute scrotal pathology were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 43 complications were documented, 32 of them required surgical intervention. The most common complication is testicular necrosis due to incorrect judgement of viability after torsion with performing an organ-preserving procedure, which is dictated by the surgeons desire to preserve a testicle. Such a decision is made without objective data and in all cases leads to repeated procedure due to testicular necrosis. Inappropriate surgical hemostasis is often associated with improper surgical technique and underestimation of inflammatory tissue changes. Purulent complications are the most common in acute epididymitis and are caused by the presence of an inflammatory focus in the scrotum. Wide revision of the scrotum in case of testicular appendages pathology is not justified, since the second appendage is rarely found, while the invasiveness of the procedure increases. CONCLUSION: Complications were more common in the early postoperative period (88.4%). Purulent complications are directly dependent on the duration of the disease and are exacerbated by the secondary inflammatory process. Most of complications are treatable; performing of preventive measures helps to avoid them.

Elimination of iron-containing magnetic nanoparticles from the site of injection in mice: a magnetic-resonance imaging study.

Suspension of magnetic nanoparticles (0.7 g/liter) obtained from Klebsiella oxytoca culture was injected intraperitoneally (1 ml), intramuscularly (in the hip; 100 µl), and subcutaneously (200 µl) or administered orally instead of drinking water for 2 days. The presence of magnetic nanoparticles was evaluated detected by MRI in 15 min and 2 h after injections and in 1 and 2 days after the beginning of oral consumption of the suspension. Magnetic nanoparticles were eliminated from the site of intramuscular and intraperitoneal injections and after oral consumption. The period of elimination after intramuscular and intraperitoneal injections did not exceed 2 h, while after oral consumption it corresponded to the time of gastrointestinal tract contents evacuation.