Steady-State Ultracold Plasma Created by Continuous Photoionization of Laser Cooled Atoms.

In this Letter we discuss our approach that makes possible creation of the steady-state ultracold plasma having various densities and temperatures by means of continuous two-step optical excitation of calcium atoms in the magneto-optical trap. A strongly coupled ultracold plasma can be used as an excellent test platform for studying many-body interactions associated with various plasma phenomena. The parameters of the plasma are studied using laser-induced fluorescence of calcium ions. The experimental results are well described by a simple theoretical model involving equilibration of the continuous source of charged particles by the hydrodynamical ion outflux and three-body recombination. The ultracold plasma with the peak ion density of 2.7×10^{6} cm^{-3} and the minimum electron temperature near 2 K has been prepared. Our steady-state approach in combination with the strong magnetic confinement of the plasma will make it possible to reach extremely strong coupling in such system.

Cooperative grain boundary sliding and migration process in nanocrystalline solids.

A new physical mechanism or mode of plastic deformation in nanocrystalline metals and ceramics is suggested and theoretically described. The mode represents the cooperative grain boundary (GB) sliding and stress-driven GB migration process. It is theoretically revealed that the new deformation mode is more energetically favorable than "pure" GB sliding and enhances the ductility of nanocrystalline solids in wide ranges of their structural parameters.

[Effect of apisatron in lumbar spinal cord diseases]. / Effektivnost' primeneniia "apizatrona" pri zabolevaniiakh poiasnichnogo otdela pozvonochnika.

A therapeutic effect has been studied of the drug apizartron of the ESPARMA GmbH firm (Osterweddingen, Germany) in those patients presenting with damaged lumbar spine. The ointment apizartron has been shown to alleviate the pain syndrome and myotonic (spastic) reactions, with its effect having been somewhat less pronounced on radicular compression, neurodystrophic disorders, and on the arterial bloodflow of the inferior limbs. The drug is recommended for use in a complex therapy of vertebrogenic disorders of the lumbar spine.

DELSY project: status and development.

The DELSY (Dubna Electron Synchrotron) project is under development at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research [Arkhipov et al. (2001). Nucl. Instrum. Methods, A467, 57-62; Arkhipov et al. (2001). Nucl. Instrum. Methods, A470, 1-6; Titkova et al. (2000). Proceedings of the Seventh European Particle Accelerator Conference, pp. 702-704]. It is based on an acceleration facility donated to the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research by the Institute for Nuclear and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF, Amsterdam). The NIKHEF accelerator facility consists of the linear electron accelerator MEA, which has an electron energy of 700 MeV, and the electron storage ring AmPS, with a maximum energy of 900 MeV and a beam current of 200 mA. There are three phases to the construction of the DELSY facility. Phase I will be accomplished with the construction of a complex of free-electron lasers covering continuously the spectrum from the far infrared down to the ultraviolet ( approximately 150 nm). Phase II will be accomplished with the commissioning of the storage ring DELSY. Complete commissioning of the DELSY project will take place after finishing Phase III, the construction of an X-ray free-electron laser. This phase is considered as the ultimate goal of the project; it is currently under development and is not described in this paper.

High-field quasiparticle tunneling in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+delta): negative magnetoresistance in the superconducting state

We report on the c-axis resistivity rho(c)(H) in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) that peaks in quasistatic magnetic fields up to 60 T. By suppressing the Josephson part of the two-channel (Cooper pair/quasiparticle) conductivity sigma(c)(H), we find that the negative slope of rho(c)(H) above the peak is due to quasiparticle tunneling conductivity sigma(q)(H) across the CuO2 layers below H(c2). At high fields (a) sigma(q)(H) grows linearly with H, and (b) rho(c)(T) tends to saturate ( sigma(c) not equal0) as T-->0, consistent with the scattering at the nodes of the d-wave gap. A superlinear sigma(q)(H) marks the normal state above T(c).

[Significance of tissue perfusion disorders and disseminated intravascular blood coagulation in the pathogenesis of post-resuscitation disease in patients with massive hemorrhage and severe multiple trauma]. / Znachenie narushenii perfuzii tkanei i disseminirovannogo vnutrisosudistogo svertyvaniia krovi v patogeneze postreanimatsionnoi bolezni u bol'nykh s massivnoi krovopoterei i tiazheloi sochetannoi travmoi.

A total of 198 patients with massive blood loss and grave combined injury treated at the intensive care ward were monitored for 5 days. This paper presents data on the blood content of peripheral tissues assessed by rheovasography and the time course of coagulating characteristics of the blood and fibrinolysis. Despite the stabilization of arterial pressure in the first hours of treatment, disorders of tissue perfusion persisted for 5 days. Signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation were detected as soon as after 6 h in the presence of expressed progressing thrombinemia, decelerated fibrinolysis in the blood plasma, thrombocytopenia, and consumption of some blood clotting factors. According to our data, disseminated intravascular blood coagulation in the microvessels is possible after 12 h and reaches its maximum on day 2 of treatment; it persisted over the entire follow-up (5 days) period and was associated with clinically manifest involvement of the functions of parenchymatous organs and systems starting from the end of the first or beginning of the second day of treatment.

[Left-helical (PPII-PPII) type of globular protein structure: the level of the left helical type of poly-L-proline II in Kunitz trypsin inhibitor is no less than 43%. Experimental Reper spectrum of the extended left helix]. / Levospiral'nyi (PPII-PPII) tip struktury globuliarnogo belka: v ingibitore tripsina kunitsa soderzhanie levoi spirali tipa poli-L-prolin II sostavliaet ne menee 43%. Eksperimental'nyi repernyispektr vytianutoi levoi spirali.

There is established that the protein trypsin inhibitor Kunitz is a globular protein of (PPII-PPII)-type. The content of poly-L-proline helix is not smaller than 43%. It has been shown by CD method that the transition from an extended left-handed helical structure to alpha-helix arises on heating till the denaturation temperatures. On this assumption the CD spectrum of poly-L-proline II type has been calculated.

[Structure-activity analysis of ribonuclease A and related proteins]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nyi analiz ribonukleazy A i rodstvennykh belkov.

A detailed analysis of noncovalent interactions in the RNase A molecule was carried out. For this purpose, contact maps based on structural data were constructed. Three hydrophobic nuclei and five microclusters were identified, and their quantitative parameters were calculated. The contacts between amino acid residues of the active center and the hydrophobic nuclei were established. The distribution of the charged amino acid residues on the of RNase A surface was shown. The data obtained was discussed in the context of the ribonuclease A family. The substitutions seen from the alignment of amino acid sequences in the family might have influence on the spatial structure of different parts of RNase A and their mutual orientation and, consequently on the biological activity of family members.

[Combined experimental use of vaccine against acute human encephalomyelitis and immunomodulators]. / Kombinirovannoe primenenie v éksperimente vaktsiny protiv ostrogo éntsefalomielita cheloveka s immunomoduliatorami.

Combined use of vaccine and immunomodulators such as ridostin, inosiplex and polyribonate against acute encephalomyelitis of humans (AEMHs) was studied. It was shown that low immunogenic doses of the vaccine did not provide a protective action against the virus of AEMHs while after administration of the vaccine in combination with the immunomodulators there was protection in all the groups of the animals exposed to the low immunogenic doses of the vaccine during the first immunization. It was noted in regard to all the combinations of the immunomodulators and vaccine used in the low immunogenic doses that the level of the increase in the titer of the virus-specific antibodies, the proliferative activity to the specific antigen and mitogens and of interferon induction depended on the immunomodulator type. At the same time, it was found that the marked production of interferon within the first 24 hours observed after the use of the combination of inosiplex, ridostin and the vaccine resulted in increased activity of natural killer cells and lower proliferative activity of cells and production of virus-specific antibodies. This was indicative of the necessity of choosing the immunomodulators, their doses and time of the administration in relation to the immunization.

[The first experience with surgical treatment of supraventricular tachycardia]. / Pervyi opyt khirurgicheskogo lecheniia nadzheludochkovykh takhiaritmii.

The article analyses the late-term results of operations on 46 patients for paroxysms of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVTA) which were refractory to prophylactic administration of antiarrhythmics. Transvenous electrodestruction of the atrio-ventricular junction were carried out in 39 patients. The results were good in 34 and satisfactory in 3 patients; conductivity and paroxysms reappeared in 2 patients. ++Anti-tachycardial ECS were implanted in 6 patients with good results. One patient underwent electrodestruction of an accessory conduction tract of the type of Kent's bundle with a stable clinical effect. The results of the study provide evidence of the high efficacy of surgical management of complex SVTA in a regional cardiosurgical center.

[Aspects of pathogenesis of "shock lung" in patients with massive blood loss and trauma in the early postresuscitation period]. / Voprosy patogeneza shokovogo legkogo u bol'nykh s massivnoi krovopoterei i travmoi v rannem postreanimatsionnom periode.

116 patients with massive blood loss and trauma have been studied in intensive care units. It has been established that the main reason for the onset of hypoxemia in "shock lung" is disturbed gas exchange in the lungs due to an expanded physiological dead space (VD/VT) and blood shunting in the lungs (QS/QT). Intravascular blood coagulation is one of the main reasons for the development and maintenance of systemic hypoperfusion in the lung tissue. Progressive increase in venous admixture during inhalation of 100% oxygen over a five-day treatment period is due to an increased number of still blood-supplied but already unventilated affected alveoli.