Effectiveness of interventions based on lazarus and folkman transactional model on improving stress appraisal for hemodialysis patients in Tehran.

Today, we witness an increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease, which is a very stressful process. In order to cope with the stress caused by this disease, the first step is to appraise the stressful situation correctly. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of training on the basis of Lazarus and Folkman transactional model on stress appraisal for hemodialysis (HD) patients. The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 116 filed HD patients in two dialysis centers in Tehran. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. After performing the intervention, the primary and secondary appraisals' scores were investigated before and three months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using independent /?-test, paired /-test, and covariance at a significant level of 0.05 using software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0. The mean age of participants in the study was 52.86 years. In this study, the difference between the mean score of the primary appraisal and substructure of perceived susceptibility, motivational relevance, self-blame (casual focus), and secondary appraisal and self-efficacy substructure after the intervention was significant in the experimental group. However, these differences were not significant in the control group. According to the study results, it can be concluded that the use of training based on Lazarus and Folkman tran- sactional model can be useful for improving the correct appraisal of individuals for stressful situations.

Predictors of mammography based on Health Belief Model in Khorramabad women.

BACKGROUND: Health beliefs play an important role in people's willingness to participate in health-promoting behaviors. Given the role of beliefs in women's function and the importance of the benefits of mammogram, and because the predictors of a behavior are a major prerequisite to codification of an effective prevention program, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting mammography based on Health Belief Model (HBM) in women in Khorramabad. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 262 women referring to health centers in Khorramabad, Lorestan province, in 2018, were selected by randomly sampling. The data collection tool was a four-part questionnaire including demographic information, knowledge on breast cancer and mammography, Champion's Health Belief Model, and Champion's Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Mammography. Validity and reliability of the tool were investigated and confirmed. Data were analyzed by version 16 of SPSS software using descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) age of the participants was 49.26 (±7.79) years. Seventy-nine (30.85%) of the 262 participants reported mammography. Constructs' sensitivity, benefits, barriers, and perceived self-efficacy were significantly different in terms of performing mammography (P < 0.05). Participants with a history of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 11.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [3.73-33.46]) had lower perceived barriers (OR = 3.54, 95% CI= [1.77-7.09]), were more likely to undergo mammography than women with no family history of breast cancer, and had moderate-to-high perceived barriers (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that health managers are required to pay more attention to training and promoting screening methods. Understanding the barriers to mammography in women by managers can help design and implement effective programs that enhance mammography in women.