Subject(s)
Microcomputers , Ophthalmology , Patient Education as Topic , Pediatrics , Physicians' Offices , Adult , Caregivers/education , Child , Computer Peripherals , Humans , Parents/education , SoftwareABSTRACT
One hundred regular marijuana users volunteered to be extensively interviewed in 1968-1970, and 97 were located and reinterviewed 6 to 8 years later. As part of each interview the subjects filled out a checklist review of 105 effects of marijuana. This report focuses on the differential patterns of effects found at the two time intervals. Scores on groupings of items were examined for changes over time. Reports of sensory and hallucinatory items dropped substantially. Reports of appetite effects, sex effects, and intoxication effects on sleep remained stable. Reports of cognitive effects, mood effects, and aftereffects on sleep appeared to be shifting from desirable to undesirable, with the frequency of desirable effects dropping while frequency of undesirable effects remained the same.
Subject(s)
Cannabis , Adolescent , Adult , Affect/drug effects , Cognition/drug effects , Female , Hallucinations/chemically induced , Humans , Male , Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Psychomotor Performance/drug effects , Sensation/drug effects , Sexual Behavior/drug effects , Sleep/drug effectsSubject(s)
Alcoholism/diagnosis , Adolescent , Alcohol Drinking , Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium/diagnosis , Alcoholism/psychology , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Objective criteria were used to separate skid row alcoholics from others in a public detoxification program. The two groups thus formed were found to have different characteristics, which could lead to more individualized and effective treatment planning in such settings.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/therapy , Ill-Housed Persons/psychology , Adult , Black or African American , Age Factors , Alcohol Drinking , Alcoholism/classification , Alcoholism/rehabilitation , Crime , Humans , Interview, Psychological , Male , Patient Care Planning , Social Control, Formal , Social SupportSubject(s)
Cannabis , Adult , Alcohol Drinking , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Marriage , Psychotropic Drugs/administration & dosage , Smoking , Substance-Related Disorders/complicationsSubject(s)
Marijuana Abuse/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Crime , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Pregnancy , Social ClassABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the long-term effects of glucocorticoids on the control of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal function. Infusion of 10 mg/day of methylprednisolone (MP), a glucocorticoid with minimal mineralocorticoid activity, for 10 days in six intact conscious dogs maintained on a sodium intake of 78 mEq/day resulted in a decrease in MAP from 98 +/- 1 to 89 +/- 2 mm Hg, a decrease in sodium iothalamate space to 89 +/- 2% of control, and a marked increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), and urinary sodium excretion. Chronic infusion of MP at doses of 2--800 mg/day in four dogs maintained on low (5 mEq/day) or high sodium intakes (160--223 mEq/day) also caused increases in GFR and ERPF, as well as natriuresis and decreased sodium iothalamate space, while causing either no change or a slight reduction in MAP. To determine whether glucocorticoids potentiate the chronic effects of angiotensin II (AII) on MAP and renal function, MP was infused in dogs undergoing AII infusion (5 ng/kg/min). During AII hypertension, chronic infusion of 5 or 10 mg/day of MP also resulted in a marked renal vasodilation, natriuresis, and reductions in sodium iothalamate space, while causing small reductions in MAP. Thus, we found no evidence that chronic glucocorticoid excess causes hypertension in dogs, or that glucocorticoids potentiate the blood pressure or renal effects of AII. Instead, glucocorticoids tended to reduce MAP, probably because of chronic renal vasodilation, increased excretion of sodium, and volume depletion.
