ABSTRACT
This study examines father-child contact in inner-city African American families with maternal HIV infection. Participants were 246 African American women, 40% of whom are infected with HIV, and one of their non-infected children. Children from non-infected families were more likely to have fathers who are alive and who are living in the home. In addition, regardless of whether or not the father lived in the home, these children had more frequent father contact than children from families with maternal HIV infection. Explanations and implications of the findings are discussed.
Subject(s)
Black or African American , HIV Infections/ethnology , Paternal Deprivation/ethnology , Adolescent , Adult , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Father-Child Relations/ethnology , Female , HIV Infections/immunology , HIV Infections/psychology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , United States , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
A functional analysis showed that breath holding exhibited by a 16-year-old boy with mental retardation occurred independent of social consequences. Assessment results of the existing treatment procedure-a verbal reprimand-were used to design a treatment package that reduced the behavior to low levels across 7 months.
Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy/methods , Developmental Disabilities/rehabilitation , Reinforcement, Psychology , Self-Injurious Behavior/diagnosis , Self-Injurious Behavior/therapy , Adolescent , Humans , Hypoxia , Male , Reinforcement ScheduleABSTRACT
This study examined the role of family variables in child resiliency within a sample of African-American, inner-city children whose mothers are HIV-infected. Variables from three dimensions of the family were included: family structural variables, maternal variables, and mother-child (parenting) variables. The participants were 82 children between the ages of 6 and 11 and their HIV-infected mothers. Correlational analyses indicated that resiliency was associated only with three parenting variables: parent-child relationship, parental monitoring, and parental structure in the home. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated a multiplicative relationship between parental monitoring and parent-child relationship and between parental monitoring and parental structure in the home, suggesting that parenting variables potentiate each other. Clinical implications of the findings are considered.
Subject(s)
Black or African American/psychology , Child of Impaired Parents/psychology , Family/psychology , HIV Infections/psychology , Personality Development , Urban Population , Adaptation, Psychological , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Mother-Child Relations , Parenting/psychology , Personality Assessment , Social EnvironmentABSTRACT
This study has two purposes: (1) to describe the characteristics related to the transition to orphanhood for children whose mothers die from AIDS and (2) to examine the psychosocial adjustment of these children at six months following maternal death. Twenty orphans and a control sample of 40 children from the same neighbourhoods, as well as their mothers or care-givers, served as participants. Two assessments occurred: (1) prior to the death of the mother in the orphan group and (2) six months after her death. The results indicated that relatives, particularly maternal grandparents, became the new care-giver of the orphans, no more than one residential move had occurred following the mother's death, and the new care-givers were providing a stable home environment. Child psychosocial adjustment did not change following maternal death.
