A laboratory-based multifunctional near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy system for electrochemical, catalytic, and cryogenic studies.

A versatile multifunctional laboratory-based near ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) instrument is presented. The entire device is highly customized regarding geometry, exchangeable manipulators and sample stages for liquid- and solid-state electrochemistry, cryochemistry, and heterogeneous catalysis. It therefore delivers novel and unique access to a variety of experimental approaches toward a broad choice of functional materials and their specific surface processes. The high-temperature (electro)catalysis manipulator is designed for probing solid state/gas phase interactions for heterogeneous catalysts including solid electrolyzer/fuel cell electrocatalysts at pressures up to 15 mbar and temperatures from room temperature to 1000 °C. The liquid electrochemistry manipulator is specifically designed for in situ spectroscopic investigations of polarized solid/liquid interfaces using aqueous electrolytes and the third one for experiments for ice and ice-like materials at cryogenic temperatures to approximately -190 °C. The flexible and modular combination of these setups provides the opportunity to address a broad spectrum of in situ and operando XPS experiments on a laboratory-based system, circumventing the limited accessibility of experiments at synchrotron facilities.

[Teaching Interprofessional Patient Pathways in Medical Education in Switzerland - A Collaboration of Multiple Players]. / Lehrveranstaltung zu interprofessionellen Versorgungsketten in der Schweiz.

Teaching Interprofessional Patient Pathways in Medical Education in Switzerland - A Collaboration of Multiple Players Abstract. The increase of chronic and complex medical disorders challenges actors in the health care system and affects the entire health care system in Switzerland. Through an interprofessional exchange between medical and health care professionals, the individual needs of patients can be better addressed, which has a positive impact on patients' treatments. To prepare students of the Bachelor of Medicine at ETH Zurich for these challenges, the ETH has designed a specific course together with four educational institutions, which is oriented towards the interprofessional, patient-centred supply chain. The aim of this interprofessional module is, that Bachelor of Medicine students, as well as Pharmacy and Nursing students, acquire knowledge about the other areas of responsibility and competences, and at the same time get to know the interfaces of interprofessional cooperations.

Explaining doping in material research (Hf substitution in ZnO films) by directly quantifying the van der Waals force.

Non-monotonic behavior has been observed in the optoelectronic properties of ZnO thin films as doped with Hf (HZO). Here we propose that two competing mechanisms are responsible for such behaviour. Specifically, we propose that provided two crystal orientations dominate film growth, only one of them might be responsible for direct Hf substitution. Nonmonotonic behaviour is expected at once by considering that preferential growth of the crystal that allows for direct Hf substitution is inhibited by Hf concentration in the manufacturing process. This inhibition would also be a thermodynamic consequence of Hf substitution. Maxima in Hf substitution is thus reached at a point where enough crystals exhibit the preferential orientation, and where enough Hf is present on the surface for substitution. Outside this optimum scenario, Hf substitution can only decrease. We interpret the surface phenomena by discussing surface energy and the van der Waals forces as measured experimentally by means of atomic force microscopy.