ABSTRACT
The breast cancer occupies one of the first places among women's malignant neoplasms. Breast cancer case rate annually increases in the majority of the countries of the world. It is very important early diagnostics and active revealing of breast pre-tumor diseases. With the purpose of definition of value of color Doppler, there were inspected 127 patients with various breast pathologies. Breast ultrasonic research, color Doppler and power Doppler allowed obtaining the essential additional data for carrying out of differential diagnostics. According to the results, concentration of vessels in a zone of tumor unit with a primary locating on periphery is characteristic for malignant formations of breast. It is, accordingly, cause of rising vascularisation of tissues of breast, and also high parameters of linear speed of blood-flow - Vmax - 0,34+/-0,05 m/s, Pi (Pulls index )- 1,42+/-0,04, Ri (Resistance index) - 0,71+/-0,02. Parameters of linear rate of a blood-flow are lower for non malignant nodal formations - Vmax from 0,14+/-0,02-0,19+/-0,02 m/s, Pi - 1,42+/-0,12-1,42+/-0,06, Ri - 0,60+/-0,02-0,62+/-0,02. In cases of weak vascularised of nodal formations the method of power Doppler was used. The maximal rate in circumflex vessels of the pathological formations in most cases did not exceed 0,25 m/s, when size of formation was up to 1,5 sm and 0,7 m/s when size of formations was more than 3 sm. At use of ultrasonic intervention combining with color Doppler and power Doppler sensitivity of diagnostics has made 93,8% and specificity - 88,6%. Proceeding from, color Doppler especially in a combination to other methods of research is the effective method, allowing increase of diagnostic accuracy. Dopplerography, allowing to visualization of blood-flow in fine vessels and even perfusion in a tissue of breast, undoubtedly, soon will occupy the one of the conducting places in diagnostics of breast diseases.
Subject(s)
Breast Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , Ultrasonography, Mammary , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Breast Diseases/pathology , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
The indices of the mitotic activity, the quantity of the double-nucleated cells and the dying nucleus coefficient in the basal and spinous layers of the rat multilayer flat epithelium after the extraction a tooth were studied. The experiments were carried out on 45 nonlinear white mature rats - males. After peeling the gingiva around the dental neck we extract three basal teeth. In the epithelial regenerates we counted amount of the mitotic figures (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) in the basal and spinous cells, double-nucleated cells in the spinous layer and the number of the dying nucleus (picnosis, karyolisis) among 5 000 cells. It was established that the tissue defect was filled up owing to the intensification of the mitotic activity in the germinative layer, namely, dew new cells generation. In spite of the rise the quantity of dying nucleus, the number of the dividing cells exceeds the number of the dying owns, what provides the reparation of the multilayer flat gingival epithelium in the region of the wound.
Subject(s)
Gingiva/cytology , Regeneration/immunology , Tooth Extraction , Animals , Male , Mucous Membrane/cytology , Rats , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Comparison of the results of morphological investigations of the internal organs of dogs and sheep with gamma-neutron radiation sources, implanted in the abdominal cavity, has shown that the correlation between a degree of severity and type of morphological changes in this case is similar to that of identical irradiation from an external source.
Subject(s)
Abdomen/radiation effects , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/pathology , Animals , Dogs , Electric Power Supplies , Gamma Rays , Heart, Artificial , Models, Biological , Neutrons , Sheep , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The capacity of dogs to diffuse heat (up to 50 W) from an artificial heart and to tolerate prolonged intracorporeal ionizing radiation from a radioisotope power source (238Pu) was investigated, using electrical models of vascular blood heat exchangers that permit reproduction of elimination and heat transmission in autonomous systems. It was shown that up to 50 W can be discharged at temperatures of the wall-blood interface that do not exceed 43 degrees C. Clotting indexes, concentration of total protein, hemolysis, and serum enzyme activity during 1-1.5 months of heating remained within physiologically normal limits. A specific power load of up to 1.5 W/kg at ambient temperatures of 18-20 degrees C revealed no evidence of changes in heat production. By measuring the distribution of power of the dose absorbed around a 45-W plutonium source it was possible to estimate dose loads on critical organs and to assess overall risk of death from malignant tumors induced by radiation over a 10-year period: 6-12% for males and 8-14% for females. It is not very probable that use of the artificial heart with a radioisotope power source will be limited by thermal and radiational effects.
Subject(s)
Assisted Circulation/instrumentation , Electric Power Supplies , Heart, Artificial , Prostheses and Implants , Radioisotopes , Animals , Blood Physiological Phenomena , Body Temperature , Cattle , Dogs , Energy Transfer , Equipment Safety , Humans , Radiation Dosage , Thermal ConductivityABSTRACT
A design of a vascular heat exchanger enabling it to establish in experiments with animals the degree of the possible specific-capacity thermal loads has been devised. The performance results may be taken account of in designing implantable appliances of assistive circulation and artificial heart.
