ABSTRACT
The authors reviewed outpatients in a tertiary dermatology clinic in Botswana to expand knowledge on patterns of skin disease in this population with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Approximately one-third of new and follow-up patients were HIV positive. Common dermatologic conditions included eczematous eruptions, viral and fungal infections, malignant neoplasms, vascular disorders, disorders of pigmentation, and mechanical/physical injury-related disorders. HIV has impacted patterns of dermatologic disease in Botswana, with Kaposi sarcoma being the most frequently biopsied condition. Given the shortage of dermatology specialists, resources should be allocated toward education and management of these most prevalent skin conditions.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Skin Diseases, Infectious/epidemiology , Skin Diseases, Vascular/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Biopsy/statistics & numerical data , Botswana/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Dermatitis/diagnosis , Dermatitis/therapy , Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy , Female , Humans , Infant , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/epidemiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Neurodermatitis/diagnosis , Neurodermatitis/epidemiology , Neurodermatitis/therapy , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/therapy , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Skin Diseases/epidemiology , Skin Diseases/therapy , Skin Diseases, Infectious/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Infectious/therapy , Skin Diseases, Vascular/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Vascular/therapy , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/therapy , Tertiary Care Centers , Warts/diagnosis , Warts/epidemiology , Warts/therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
A 24-year-old man with untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection consulted our outreach clinic owing to the development of numerous asymptomatic nodules on his palms and fingers. Histopathologic evaluation revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis and prominent fibrosis with a neutrophilic infiltrate consistent with erythema elevatum diutinum (EED). We referred the patient for initiation of antiretroviral therapy and started him on dapsone. The pathogenesis of EED is not completely understood, but it has been associated with numerous systemic conditions that may be infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic. Only recently has EED been recognized as a defined reactive dermatosis of HIV. We present an exemplary case of HIV-associated EED and review the differential diagnosis, highlighting clinical features of EED that appear to be more frequently encountered in the HIV-infected population.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Dapsone/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/complications , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/virology , Young AdultSubject(s)
Dermatomycoses/drug therapy , Hand Dermatoses/drug therapy , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/drug therapy , Adult , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Dermatomycoses/diagnosis , Female , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , Hand Dermatoses/microbiology , Humans , Immunocompetence , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/diagnosis , NeckABSTRACT
A two-year-old boy presented with a large, non-healing ulceration on his left buttock, which was originally noted as a brown patch present at birth. Punch skin biopsy was performed and histopathology revealed an atypical, pleomorphic, spindled proliferation in whorled fascicles replacing the dermis and trapping fat in the subcutis, consistent with a diagnosis of congenital/infantile fibrosarcoma. No evidence of metastatic spread was seen on imaging. The tumor was initially deemed unresectable owing to extent of local invasion. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy caused significant tumor shrinkage and the patient underwent complete resection.
