ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Reflex bathing seizures are described during the course of bathing in water near body temperature. These seizures differ from other epilepsies characterized by bathing-induced seizures such as hot water epilepsy, but there are few well-described patients and only some of these have been documented by ictal video-electroencephalography. METHODS: Our objective was to characterize the clinical presentation of bathing-induced seizures demonstrated by ictal video-electroencephalographic recordings with water temperature below 38°C. We described two previously unreported infants and reviewed additional cases in the literature that fulfilled those criteria. RESULTS: Eighteen infants were indentified. They were predominantly male (72%), and the mean age of seizure onset was 15 months (one to 36 months). The most frequent seizure triggers included pouring water over the face and immersion. Seizures were of focal onset with loss of awareness and prominent autonomic symptoms. Ictal video-electroencephalography revealed delta-theta high-amplitude focal waves involving temporal and adjacent regions, with a rapid spread to the ipsilateral hemisphere or generalization. Avoiding known triggers usually controlled the seizures, but carbamazepine, valproate, and levetiracetam were also helpful. Neuroimaging was normal in all cases, and neurodevelopment was unaffected. DISCUSSION: Bathing seizures predominate in boys with an early onset and a benign self-limited course. The use of ictal video-electroencephalographic recordings in these cases leads to diagnosis and reveals individual differences in triggers.
Subject(s)
Baths/adverse effects , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy, Reflex/etiology , Immersion/adverse effects , Video Recording , Age of Onset , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Child, Preschool , Epilepsy, Reflex/drug therapy , Epilepsy, Reflex/physiopathology , Epilepsy, Reflex/prevention & control , Face , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Neuroimaging , Parietal Lobe/physiopathology , Sex Distribution , Temperature , Temporal Lobe/physiopathology , WaterABSTRACT
Objetivo: describir la tuberculosis infantil de 2005 a 2015 en Navarra, con datos demográficos, clínicos, radiológicos, microbiológicos, tratamiento y evolución. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo a partir de datos de historia clínica de los pacientes atendidos entre 2005 y 2015. Resultados: 52 pacientes, 57,7% varones, 42,3% mujeres, mediana de edad cuatro años, 38,5% inmigrantes, 61,5% hijos de inmigrantes. Distribución homogénea en los diez años, excepto un brote en 2011. Sintomáticos el 69,2%. En el 63,5% de los pacientes el caso índice es conocido. La forma clínica más frecuente es la pulmonar (82,7%). La radiología fue patológica en el 86,5%, se realizó tomografía computarizada pulmonar en el 82,7% (95,3% patológicos). El 71,2% de los cultivos fueron positivos para Mycobacterium tuberculosis (sensibles 92,3%). Tratamiento con cuatro fármacos y posteriormente dos de 6 a 12 meses. Evolución: 84,6% curación, 13,5% secuelas y un exitus. Conclusiones: la tuberculosis es un problema de salud infantil cuya forma más frecuente es pulmonar. Evoluciona favorablemente, pero presenta morbimortalidad. Es imprescindible tenerla en cuenta para diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz
Objective: to describe tuberculosis in Pediatrics from 2005-2015 in Navarra, attending to demographic, clinic, radiologic, microbiologic, treatment and evolution data. Material and methods: a retrospective descriptive study based on data from the clinical history of patients treated between 2005 and 2015. Results: we studied 52 patients, 57.7% men, 42.3% women, age: 4 years old. 38.5% are immigrant and 61.5% children from immigrants. During the last 10 years, the distribution has been homogeneous, despite of one outbreak in 2011. 69.2% had symptoms when diagnosed. In 63.5% we knew index case. The most frequent clinical form is the pulmonary one. Simple Rx was pathological in 86,5% of cases and CT was applied in 82,7% (being diagnostic in 95'3% of them). 71,2% of microbiological cultures were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (92,3% of them were sensible to M. tuberculosis sensible to standard treatment). All patients were treated with four drugs and then two up to 6-12 months. Follow up: 84.6% healed, 13.5% healed but there were sequelae and one of our patients died. Conclusion: tuberculosis represents a problem in children health. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most frequent clinical form. Normally, it evolves favourably but morbimortality exists. It is essential to consider tuberculosis in order to have an early diagnosis and treatment
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Tuberculin Test/methods , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
La enfermedad de McArdle es una enfermedad metabólica, de origen genético, resultado de una deficiencia en una de las enzimas responsables del metabolismo del glucógeno en el organismo. Estos pacientes presentan una clínica y unas alteraciones bioquímicas características, que sugieren el diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 14 años, en el cual las alteraciones en la analítica sanguínea se presentaron previas a la clínica (AU)
McArdle disease is a metabolic and genetic disease due to a deficiency of an enzyme responsible for the glycogen metabolism. We report the case of a patient of a 14-year-old patient, who showed blood tests alterations preceding the clinical symptomatology (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Glycogen Storage Disease Type V/complications , Glycogen Storage Disease Type V/diagnosis , Glycogen Storage Disease Type V/therapy , Electroencephalography/methods , Glycogen Phosphorylase, Muscle Form/analysis , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Glycogen Storage Disease Type V/blood , Glycogen Storage Disease Type V/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Biopsy , Rhabdomyolysis/complications , ImmunohistochemistryABSTRACT
La afectación ganglionar por Mycobacterium tuberculosis puede ocurrir tras una diseminación linfohemática a partir de una afectación primaria pulmonar, o por primoinfección extrapulmonar, cuya puerta de entrada son las mucosas o contacto con objetos contaminados. Se presenta el caso de un niño de diez años, nacido en España, afecto de adenitis tuberculosa en la región inguinal, cuya infección se produjo tras una herida en el pie ocurrida en una playa de Brasil. Tras el inicio de la terapia antituberculosa desarrolló una escrófula que requirió desbridamiento quirúrgico, con buena evolución posterior (AU)
Tuberculous lymphadenitis can be caused either by an haematogenous spread from a pulmonary primary form or by an extrapulmonary infection due to cutaneous lesions or contact with contaminated items. We present a 10-year-old spanish boy, who has an inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. Infection was secondary to a foot injury caused in a Brazilian beach. A scrofula appeared after triple therapy was instaured, needing surgical debridement with a favourable clinical evolution (AU)
