A luminous fast radio burst that probes the Universe at redshift 1.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration pulses of radio emission originating from extragalactic distances. Radio dispersion is imparted on each burst by intervening plasma, mostly located in the intergalactic medium. In this work, we observe the burst FRB 20220610A and localize it to a morphologically complex host galaxy system at redshift 1.016 ± 0.002. The burst redshift and dispersion measure are consistent with passage through a substantial column of plasma in the intergalactic medium and extend the relationship between those quantities measured at lower redshift. The burst shows evidence for passage through additional turbulent magnetized plasma, potentially associated with the host galaxy. We use the burst energy of 2 × 1042 erg to revise the empirical maximum energy of an FRB.

The experience of terminating an abusive relationship from an Anglo and African American perspective: a qualitative descriptive study.

A common question asked about abused women is, "Why don't they leave?" This qualitative study explored the experiences of 15 African American and 15 Anglo American women who had terminated abusive relationships. The constant comparative method of analysis of audiotaped interviews revealed a 3-phase process of leaving: being in, getting out, and going on. Participants endured abuse until they could relinquish the fantasy of a happy relationship. Differences in relationship power and public response to abuse distinguished the experiences of Anglo and African American participants. Findings support the notion of leaving as a social process with similarities across both groups. However, critical differences in responses suggest that leaving is a culture-bound experience.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of abnormal intramural coronary arteries in human cardiac allograft biopsies.

A novel abnormality of intramural coronary arteries has been recently described in allograft cardiac biopsies. Three-dimensional (3-D) models of these abnormal arteries have now been constructed from serial histological sections of diagnostic post-transplant endomyocardial biopsies. These revealed that there was an interlacing meshwork of longitudinal smooth muscle bundles in abnormal arteries. In addition, the lumen and external surface of these arteries were irregular. This contrasted with reconstructions of normal control arteries in the same sections, which were smooth and straight. This elucidation of an unusual abnormality suggests that 3-D reconstruction of arteries in forceps biopsies may be a useful technique.

Community program planning: a clinical outcome.

Healthcare reform has affected all aspects of the healthcare system including nursing education. According to Nursing's Agenda for Health Care Reform, a major focus of future care will be in the community. Critical thinking skills are needed to practice effectively in this domain. Critical thinking has been identified by the NLN as an outcome criteria for baccalaureate education. The following community health project was designed to develop this outcome skill of critical thinking.

Assessing learning abilities, readiness for education.

This article gives a brief description of the history of perioperative education, as well as an overview of the theories of teaching and learning. It discusses general principles of learning, factors facilitating learning, and factors hindering learning. Learning needs and interventions for special populations such as the pediatric patient, the elderly patient, and the ethnic patient are also identified and briefly discussed.

Battered women and the myth of masochism.

Domestic violence is a major health issue. Research on this problem is just in its infancy. It remains a problem because there has been widespread acceptance of violence in our culture as a means of solving and dealing with problems. Women have been the targets. Waites admonishes health professionals to stop using the concept of masochism as an explanation for abusive behavior. She asks instead for us to look at female motivation in terms of the actual choices that are available and the realistic consequences of these choices. Perhaps only then will health professionals become able to break the cycle of violence and intervene in a way that stops the woman from becoming another homicide statistic.

Scabies in an AIDS hospice unit.

Scabies may cause severe problems in immunocompromised persons. Three case histories are presented which illustrate these problems in people with advanced AIDS. Recommendations for treatment and management are made, with a comment about the need for a high level of suspicion about any atypical rash in an immunocompromised patient.

Automated image segmentation and serial section reconstruction in microscopy.

A technique for automatic 3-D reconstruction of specifically stained features in televised serial histological sections has been developed using an image analyser. Images which included these features were individually converted to binary images, compiled, displayed to show the 3-D morphology and used to quantify the structure. The criteria necessary for producing valid reconstructions and the problems associated with the manipulation of images of fine detail, particularly those containing several thousand features, are illustrated by examples from skin.

Burnout. Symptoms, causes, prevention.

Burnout is costly to the employees who experience it, their employers, and their patients. Individuals who leave nursing waste their education; those who stay pay a psychological price. The organization loses talent and gains poor performance from its employees. Patients lose quality care. As a health professional, listen to your body and mind, become aware of the danger signals, and acknowledge your feelings. Burnout, if diagnosed, can be diminished through careful planning, intervention, and evaluation of your personal and professional life.

Three dimensional structure of the Leishmania amastigote as revealed by computer-aided reconstruction from serial sections.

Computer-aided reconstruction from serial sections has been used to analyse the 3-dimensional structure of entire amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana and to determine the number, arrangement and volume of each organelle. In two reconstructions, the lysosome-like 'megasomes' were the most numerous organelle, there being 34 in one amastigote, and they comprised as much as 15% of the total cell volume. In contrast, as few as 9 glycosomes were present, accounting for less than 1% of the cell volume. The unitary nature of the mitochondrion was confirmed and its complex basket-like structure was revealed. The spatial arrangement of the cell organelles is here displayed in stereo-pairs.

Comparative studies of the ultrastructure of the sebaceous gland.

Three-dimensional reconstructions and ultrastructural evidence on the sebaceous glands of man and domestic animals indicate that sebum is produced from a column of developing and degenerating cell populations derived from peripheral progenitor cells at the base of the lobe in a manner analogous to hair growth. The remainder of the peripheral cells apparently have no direct involvement with sebocyte production; those towards the neck of the gland contribute keratin to the secretory product.

The human ventilatory response to stimulation by transient hypoxia.

1. The detailed pattern of transient changes in breathing pattern has been studied following a brief hypoxic stimulus (three breaths of nitrogen) in nine healthy subjects. All showed an increase in ventilation of which the magnitude and relative contributions of volume and frequency varied between subjects. 2. Ventilation, tidal volume, inspiratory, expiratory and total breath time were recorded or derived breath-by-breath; for each of these variables, several test sequences were time-averaged at half-second intervals for each individual; similarly, time-averages were obtained for percentage changes from base line over all nine subjects. 3. There ws an increase in inspiratory time accompanying the increasing tidal volume, in all but two subjects. This was statistically significant over all subjects, and in five individuals. Frequency changes were the resultant of alterations in the two phases; when total breath duration decreased it was always linked to a decrease in expiratory time. 4. Further analysis of the initial part of the response suggests that an increase of the duration of an inspiration may be the first change allowing an increase in tidal volume, before the 'drive' increases; this may be a dynamic feature of the control system whatever the nature and site of action of the stimulus.

A semi-automatic method of measuring leucocyte movement.

A semi-automatic system has been developed for measuring the migration of leucocytes within a micropore filter. The distance in micrometers is displayed digitally or analysed on-line by a digital computer. These improvements have resulted in considerable saving in time, permitting the full potential of the micropore method to be utilised. To illustrate this technique we report results from experiments to measure dose-response relationships of leucocytes to casein and the variation in response to Staphylococcus aureus and casein of cells from normal human subjects.

An interface to input analogue signals to a digital computer.

An electrical control unit is described which permits analogue signals from most sources to be made compatible with, and optimise the use of, an A/D converter. This circuitry enables the signal to be offset, relative to the electrical zero, and to be reset to zero using a push button. Extension of this unit has enabled mechanical movement, such as rotation of a shaft, to be measured. In order to make the most efficient use of the A/D converter the gain of the output can be varied.