ABSTRACT
Virtual reality (VR) pain distraction has been applied across medical, surgical, and behavioral healthcare domains, marking a shift in pain attenuation practices. However, there is little research that has been performed to compare the efficacy of traditional head-mounted displays (HMDs) versus portable VR devices. The present study evaluated 44 outpatients in need of lipoma resection. Randomized into two groups-HMD versus mobile phone VR-participants navigated pain distraction virtual environments while undergoing surgery. Vital signs and subjective pain measurements via a visual analog scale were taken before, during, and after the surgery. Results indicate that the HMD group reported greater pain reduction than the Mobile group. Overall, this study points to the efficacy of nonpharmacological pain attenuation practices. Although both systems reduced pain during surgery, the clinically validated VR environments seen in the HMD group were more effective. This study does show that inexpensive solutions can work in surgical settings. Future research should be performed to identify the most effective VR pain distraction systems.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures , Cell Phone , Pain Management , Virtual Reality , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods , Humans , Lipoma/surgery , Pain Management/instrumentation , Pain Management/methods , Pain MeasurementABSTRACT
Surgical anxiety creates psychological and physiological stress, causes complications in surgical procedures, and prolongs recovery. Relaxation of patients in postoperative intensive care units can moderate patient vital signs and reduce discomfort. This experiment explores the use of virtual reality (VR) cybertherapy to reduce postoperative distress in patients that have recently undergone cardiac surgery. Sixty-seven patients were monitored at IMSS La Raza National Medical Center within 24 hours of cardiac surgery. Patients navigated through a 30 minute VR simulation designed for pain management. Results were analyzed through comparison of pre- and postoperative vital signs and Likert scale survey data. A connection was found in several physiological factors with subjective responses from the Likert scale survey. Heavy positive correlation existed between breathing rate and Likert ratings, and a moderate correlation was found between mean arterial pressure and Likert ratings and heart rate and Likert ratings, all of which indicated lower pain and stress within patients. Further study of these factors resulted in the categorization of patients based upon their vital signs and subjective response, providing a context for the effectiveness of the therapy to specific groups of patients.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Pain Management/methods , Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Monitoring, PhysiologicABSTRACT
I present a proposal for a surgical classification in computer assisted surgery (CAS), with a surgical point of view to facilitate understanding and physicians, scientists, for and engineer to be able to communicate. I considered the system's participation into the CAS definition. In this classification, I find: simulated surgery, guided surgery, assisted surgery telepresence surgery, and semi-automated surgery. I describe the systems for each.
Subject(s)
Surgery, Computer-Assisted/classification , Humans , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methodsABSTRACT
Introducción: presentar las características físicas y funcionales del primer brazo robótico para sujetar laparoscopios, diseñado y construido en el Laboratorio de Bioelectrónica del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional.Método: en un periodo de dos años se construyó un brazo robótico de cinco grados de libertad con tres articulaciones y un efector final con un peso aproximado de 25 kg para sujetar laparoscopios de 10 mm de diámetro, así como tres softwares que permita al cirujano operarlo con: movimientos cefálicos mediante luz infrarroja, reconocimiento de voz o por un control manual físico.Resultados: se obtuvieron movimientos básicos para manipular el laparoscopio (arriba, abajo, adentro-afuera, derecha-izquierda dentro de un simulador físico y la interfase más práctica fue el teclado o control manual físico, sin dejar de considerar que los sistemas de navegación creados por control ocular y por procesamiento de voz son rápidas, fáciles y precisas, porque el cirujano controla el laparoscopio de manera natural o automática sin necesidad de analizar la posición previa pero con la desventaja de requerir mayor atención e inmovilidad corporal del cirujano, estas interfases pueden operarse en forma alterna o simultáneamente y adaptarse a ellas de acuerdo a las habilidades del cirujano. El uso del manipulador es flexible, es decir, la interfase se elegirá de acuerdo a la adopción del cirujano por el sistema y podrá usarse previo ajuste de sistemas y ser dirigido por internet, intranet, satélite, telefonía celular e internet 2. Los sistemas descritos por los autores son ideas originales, innovadoras, y únicas. Actualmente el proyecto es avalado por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología con el No. 34989-A.Discusión: se pretende demostrar la factibilidad de movimientos con un brazo robótico de cinco grados de libertad en un simulador físico, así como establecer la relación hombre-máquina por medio de tres interfases: control manual, control ocular o procesamiento de voz para que en un futuro cercano primero se demuestre en animales de experimentación, la capacidad de navegación y finalmente sea aplicado en humanos.
