ABSTRACT
Background: Menopause is a natural phase of a woman's life when menstrual periods stop permanently and cause psychological symptoms such as anxiety. anxiety can be reduced when women get social support. Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop a social support model to reduce anxiety in menopausal women. Method: This study applied explanatory research design with a Cross-sectional approach. The study population was selected 197 menopausal women who were in 11 clusters in Diwek - Jombang Regency. The participants were selected using Cluster Random sampling. The data analyzed by using the Partial Least Square test. The inclusion criteria of this research are 1) Women Menopause Age 45-55 years old experiencing anxiety, 2) Registered in couples of childbearing age records 2017 of Diwek District Health Center, while the exclusion criteria of this research are 1) Menopausal women single/ virgin, 2) Using tranquilizers, 3) Using hormone replacement therapy (TSH). Results: The results showed that (1) individual factors significantly influenced the evaluation of stress (path coefficient of -0.056, t = 3.74); (2) social networking significantly influences stress evaluation (path coefficient -0.147, t = 2.13); (3) social support significantly influences stress evaluation (path coefficient -0.117, t = 2.02); (4) social support significantly influences anxiety (path coefficient -0.326, t = 5.25); and (5) stress evaluation significantly influences anxiety (path coefficient 0.196, t = 9.07). Conclusion: The development of social support models to reduce postmenopausal anxiety has a significant direct effect. The development of the model consists of stress assessment consisting of experience, trust, coping resources, informative support and award support. The development of social support is highly recommended to reduce anxiety among menopausal women by promoting stress evaluation and social support from close relationships.(AU)
Antecedentes: la menopausia es una fase natural de la vida de una mujer en la que los períodos menstruales se detienen de forma permanente y provocan síntomas psicológicos como la ansiedad. la ansiedad se puede reducir cuando las mujeres obtienen apoyo social. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es desarrollar un modelo de apoyo social para reducir la ansiedad en mujeres menopáusicas. Método: Este estudio aplicó un diseño de investigación explicativa con un enfoque transversal. La población del estudio fue seleccionada 197 mujeres menopáusicas que estaban en 11 grupos en Diwek - Jombang Regency. Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. Los datos analizados mediante la prueba de mínimos cuadrados parciales. Los criterios de inclusión de esta investigación son 1) Mujeres con menopausia de 45 a 55 años que experimentan ansiedad, 2) Registradas en parejas en edad fértil en 2017 del Diwek District Health Center, mientras que los criterios de exclusión de esta investigación son 1) Mujeres menopáusicas solteras / virgen, 2) Usar tranquilizantes, 3) Usar terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TSH). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que (1) los factores individuales influyeron significativamente en la evaluación del estrés (coeficiente de trayectoria de -0,056, t = 3,74); (2) las redes sociales influyen significativamente en la evaluación del estrés (coeficiente de trayectoria -0,147, t = 2,13); (3) el apoyo social influye significativamente en la evaluación del estrés (coeficiente de trayectoria -0,117, t = 2,02); (4) el apoyo social influye significativamente en la ansiedad (coeficiente de trayectoria -0,326, t = 5,25); y (5) la evaluación del estrés influye significativamente en la ansiedad (coeficiente de trayectoria 0,196, t = 9,07). Conclusión: El desarrollo de modelos de apoyo social para reducir la ansiedad posmenopáusica tiene un efecto directo significativo...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Menopause , Social Support , Anxiety , Stress, Psychological , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Introduction: Nowadays nurses execute their tasks in demanding and stressful contexts, where the stress accumulates and can trigger burnout. This one seems to be the result from the combination of organizational factors with individual vulnerability, in particular predisposition for anxiety and personality traits such as neuroticism. Objectives: This study aims, by comparing nurses from Portugal/Spain, to identify burnout levels and to analyse if personality and anxiety predict burnout. Methodology: This is a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and transversal study, using a demographic/professional characterization questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. After institutional authorizations, participated anonymously and volunteer, 337 Portuguese nurses and 309 Spanish nurses. Results: We found 55% of nurses without burnout, 35% with moderate burnout and 11% with high burnout, without differences between countries. However, the Portuguese nurses present significantly more exhaustion and less depersonalization, less anxiety trait, and more extroversion and Social Desirability, all with a moderate level. In Portugal, the age and professional experience correlate negatively with burnout, and anxiety predicts 32% of burnout. In Spain, anxiety explains 36% of burnout and personality traits only 2%. Discussion: These findings are consistent with studies in which anxiety is a vulnerability factor for burnout, but contradicted the influence of other personality traits, reinforcing the influence of organizational factors. Conclusion: The results are useful, in the field of occupational health, to develop organizational strategies that enhance individual characteristics of stress management, which, lately, have been applied using Mindfulness among nurses and nursing students
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