ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there had been a significant improvement in hip joint phenotype of dogs in the United States by comparing results of evaluations done by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals of dogs born between 1972 and 1980 with those of dogs born between 1989 and 1992 and determining whether there had been an increase in the percentage of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 270,978 evaluations. PROCEDURE: Numbers and percentages of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype during each period and change between periods in percentages of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype were calculated. RESULTS: Percentage of dogs born between 1989 and 1992 that were classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype (15,289/143,668; 10.64%) was significantly higher than percentage of dogs born between 1972 and 1980 that were classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype (9,960/127,310; 7.82%). The increase in percentage of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype was significantly higher for male (51%) than for female (27%) dogs. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results suggest that there has been an improvement in the hip joint phenotype of dogs in the United States between the 1970s and early 1990s and that the improvement has been greater among male than among female dogs.
Subject(s)
Dogs/anatomy & histology , Hip Joint/anatomy & histology , Animals , Breeding , Cohort Studies , Dogs/genetics , Female , Hip Dysplasia, Canine/diagnosis , Hip Dysplasia, Canine/epidemiology , Hip Dysplasia, Canine/pathology , Hip Joint/pathology , Incidence , Male , Phenotype , Retrospective Studies , Sex Characteristics , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Five matings between dogs bilaterally affected with osteochondritis dissecans and fragmented coronoid processes resulted in a distribution of lesions in the elbows of the offspring that indicated the diseases were inherited independently as polygenic traits.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/genetics , Forelimb , Joint Diseases/veterinary , Osteochondritis Dissecans/veterinary , Animals , Breeding , Dogs , Female , Joint Diseases/genetics , Lameness, Animal/genetics , Male , Osteochondritis Dissecans/genetics , PedigreeABSTRACT
Preoperative external beam radiation therapy (RT) is an increasingly popular form of adjunct therapy for rectal cancer; however, little is known about its effects on healing of colorectal anastomoses. We serially evaluated colorectal anastomotic healing following moderate dose RT. Twenty-four adult female pigs were administered 4250 centiGrays (cGy) of external beam pelvic RT over 4 weeks followed by rectosigmoid resection with handsewn or circular stapled anastomosis. Groups of animals were then sacrificed at 5, 11, 60, and 120 days postoperatively. A control group (N = 24) was studied similarly but not irradiated. Perianastomotic blood flow was measured using laser doppler velocimetry at each time interval. Nonirradiated anastomoses demonstrated significantly higher blood flows compared to irradiated anastomotic segments at each study interval. In addition, early (Days 5 and 11) postoperative gross inflammatory scores and microscopic inflammatory score (all intervals) were significantly higher for irradiated animals. Anastomotic complications were more frequent in irradiated animals (7/24) vs controls (2/24, P < 0.05). These results indicate that a preoperative dose of 4250 cGy results in an early and persistent decrease in colorectal mural blood flow independent of anastomotic technique. This is the first experimental study which attempts to quantitate the effects of preoperative pelvic radiation therapy on anastomotic blood flow.
Subject(s)
Colon/blood supply , Colon/surgery , Preoperative Care , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Rectum/blood supply , Rectum/surgery , Anastomosis, Surgical , Animals , Blood Flow Velocity/radiation effects , Colon/radiation effects , Female , Inflammation , Postoperative Complications , Rectum/radiation effects , SwineABSTRACT
The efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of experimentally induced, posttraumatic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis was studied in dogs. At the end of the experiment, bacteria could not be isolated from bone marrow of 15 of 16 (93.7%) dogs treated with clindamycin, whereas bacteria could not be isolated from similar specimens obtained from 6 of 13 (46.1%) untreated dogs. None of the 16 dogs treated with clindamycin had histopathologic evidence of osteomyelitis at the end of the experiment. Five of the 13 untreated control dogs had histopathologic evidence of osteomyelitis. The recovery rate was 31% in untreated dogs, whereas 94% of dogs treated with clindamycin recovered from osteomyelitis. Clindamycin, 11 mg/kg of body weight, given orally, q 12 h, for 28 days, was efficacious in the treatment of experimentally induced, posttraumatic S aureus osteomyelitis in dogs.
Subject(s)
Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Osteomyelitis/veterinary , Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary , Animals , Bone and Bones/injuries , Dogs , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Osteomyelitis/etiology , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/etiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Craniomandibular osteopathy is a disease of several breeds of dogs, principally West Highland White and Scottish terriers. It is characterized by a non-neoplastic proliferation of bone on the ramus of the mandible and/or the tympanic bulla. The disease in various respects resembles Paget's disease and infantile cortical hyperostosis of humans. A retrospective pedigree analysis of a kindred of West Highland White terriers was performed to determine if the trait was inherited and to determine mode of inheritance. This study indicated that in West Highland White terriers, the condition is an autosomal recessive trait.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/genetics , Mandibular Diseases/veterinary , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dogs , Female , Genes, Recessive , Male , Mandibular Diseases/diagnosis , Mandibular Diseases/genetics , PedigreeABSTRACT
Beta-mannosidosis, an inherited defect of glycoprotein catabolism associated with deficiency of tissue beta-mannosidase and accumulation of Man(beta 1-4)GlcNAc and Man(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-4)GlcNAc, appeared in four of 13 offspring of a single pair of clinically normal, related Nubian goats. Neurological examinations revealed that all four affected goats were unable to rise or walk. All had facial dysmorphism, dome-shaped skulls, small palpebral fissures, carpal contractures, hyperextension of the pastern joints, proximal muscle atrophy, intermittent ocular oscillations resembling pendular nystagmus, marked intention tremor, and deafness. With intensive care, three affected kids were hand-reared and then killed at 1, 7, and 21 days of age. Macroscopically, there were paucity of myelin in the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and ventricular dilatation. Microscopically, the extent and distribution of cytoplasmic vacuolation, myelin paucity, axonal spheroids, and filamentous expansions were evaluated in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves of the four affected kids and two age-matched, clinically normal kids. Widespread cytoplasmic vacuolation correlated with the previously reported accumulation of oligosaccharides in the brain and kidney and the deficiency of tissue beta-mannosidase. beta-Mannosidosis, not yet identified in man or other species, is characterized by distinctive neonatal clinical, pathological and biochemical features which differentiate it from the alpha-mannosidosis and other inherited diseases of glycoprotein catabolism.
Subject(s)
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/veterinary , Goats , Mannosidases/deficiency , Animals , Brain/pathology , Brain/ultrastructure , Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics , Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology , Female , Male , Mannose/metabolism , Pedigree , SyndromeSubject(s)
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/veterinary , Goats , Mannose/metabolism , Animals , Brain Chemistry , Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism , Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Kidney/analysis , Male , Mannosidases/deficiencyABSTRACT
Osteochondritis dissecans of the tarsocrural joint was diagnosed in three canine siblings. The lesion, unilateral in one dog and bilateral in two dogs, was on the caudomedial aspect of the trochlea of the talus. Surgical treatment resulted in marked improvement of hindlimb gait.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/genetics , Hindlimb , Joints , Osteochondritis/veterinary , Animals , Dog Diseases/surgery , Dogs , Female , Osteochondritis/genetics , Osteochondritis/surgeryABSTRACT
X-ray therapy was used on 14 selected adamantinomas and 2 ameloblastic odontomas, with beneficial results. The recommended x-ray treatment is a minimum total dose of 3,600 rads and a maximum of 4,200 rads, at a half-value layer of 1.5 to 2 mm of Cu. Five to 6 treatments were spread over a 10- to 12-day period.
