Are low-income preschoolers physically active at preschool settings? A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Preschools may provide opportunities for children to engage in physical activity (PA), to benefit their health, although little is known when concerning low-income preschoolers. This study aimed (1) to describe time spent in PA among low-income children during preschool hours and (2) to analyse how many children meet the PA recommendations during preschool hours. METHODS: A total of 204 low-income preschoolers (4.51 ± 0.79 years) from João Pessoa/Brazil provided valid accelerometer (Actigraph, WGT3-X) data during the preschool period. Children were grouped in quartiles of PA in counts per minute, according to sex and age. The General Linear Model Univariate was used to examine the differences in PA intensities between the quartiles and the time spent in total PA (TPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) by quartiles, according to age. An hour-by-hour description of children's PA was presented. RESULTS: TPA during preschool hours ranged from 68.33% to 113.89% of the recommended and from 28.34% to 81.68% of the MVPA recommendations. Among 5-year-old children, those in the highest quartile met the PA recommendations. All children were more active outdoors than indoors. For the less actives, preschool time corresponded to 30% of the recommended daily MVPA. CONCLUSION: The current results reinforce the importance of preschool settings for promoting preschoolers' PA and provide particularly important and useful information for tailoring preschool-based interventions focused on those who need it most. Strategies to increase children's MVPA should be prioritized during free-play time.

Ethanolic extract from leaves of tithonia diversifolia induces apoptosis in HCT-116 cells through oxidative stress.

Tithonia diversifolia is a perennial bushy plant found in South America with significant ethnopharmacological importance as an antimalarial, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anticancer agent. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxicity of the ethanolic extract from leaves of T. diversifolia (TdE) on human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, SNB-19, NCIH-460 and MCF-7), as well as the mechanism of action involved in cell death and cellular modulation of oxidative stress. The TdE exhibited significant activity with IC50 values ranging from 7.12 to 38.41 µg/ml, with HCT-116 being the most sensitive cell line. Subsequent experiments were conducted with HCT-116 cell line. TdE decreased the number of viable cells, followed by induction of apoptotic events, increase in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and enhanced G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Pro-oxidative effects including elevated acidic vesicular organelle formation, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide by-products, as well as reduced levels of intracellular glutathione and reactive oxygen species production were also observed following incubation with TdE, which may lead to DNA damage followed by apoptotic cell death. These results demonstrate the potential of TdE ethanolic leaf extraction for biological activity and enhance the importance of continuing to study natural sources of plants for the development of anticancer agents.

Compliance with the 24-h movement behaviors guidelines among urban and rural Brazilian preschoolers.

BACKGROUND: The importance of movement behaviors for health is well-known, although few studies have examined the compliance with movement guidelines in preschoolers from different living contexts. This study reported the compliance with the 24-h movement behaviors guidelines among low-income Brazilian preschoolers from rural and urban areas, according to age. METHODS: A total of 453 preschoolers (n = 222 urban), aged between 3 and 5 years, provided physical activity (PA) data (Actigraph wGT3X). Sleep duration, and screen time were parent-reported. Preschoolers were classified as compliant/non- compliant with the 24-h movement guidelines, according to age. The association between prevalence of compliance with the recommendations and the children's living setting were estimated (SPSS; 27.0). RESULTS: Preschoolers were active (mean = 299.19 ± 76.42; and 369.76 ± 95.56 min/day in urban and rural areas, respectively), though moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was below the 60 daily minutes recommended in both urban and rural settings (mean = 38.39 ± 21.36; and 47.32 ± 24.28, respectively). None of the urban children complied with the three recommendations simultaneously, while in the rural area, only 2.6% were compliant. Single movement behaviors compliances in the urban setting were 6.8%, 28.8% and 5.4% for PA, sleep, and screen time, respectively; while for rural settings were 16.5%, 21.2%, and 7.4%. Living in the rural area was related to the compliance with PA recommendation for the 5-year-old preschoolers. CONCLUSION: In both urban and rural Brazilian areas, very few preschoolers are compliant with the guidelines, and more than one third of the children do not comply with any of the recommendations. Strategies and programs to promote compliance with movement behaviors guidelines should consider children's living setting and their age groups.

Blueberry, cranberry, raspberry, and strawberry as modulators of the gut microbiota: target for treatment of gut dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease? From current evidence to future possibilities.

Gut dysbiosis is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with uremic toxin production, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease development. Therefore, healthy dietary patterns are essential modulators of gut microbiota. In this context, studies suggest that consuming berry fruits, rich in polyphenols and nutrients, may positively affect the gut microbiota, promoting the selective growth of beneficial bacteria and improving clinical status. However, studies on the effects of berry fruits on gut microbiota in CKD are scarce, and a better understanding of the possible mechanisms of action of berry fruits on gut microbiota is needed to guide future clinical studies and clinical practice in CKD. The objective was to discuss how berry fruits (blueberry, cranberry, raspberry, and strawberry) could be a therapeutic strategy to modulate the gut microbiota and possibly reverse the dysbiosis in CKD. Overall, available evidence shows that berry fruits can promote an increase in diversity by affecting the abundance of mucus-producing bacteria and short-chain fatty acids. Moreover, these fruits can increase the expression of mRNA involved in tight junctions in the gut such as occludin, tight junction protein 1 (TJP1), and mucin. Studies on the exact amount of berries leading to these effects show heterogeneous findings. However, it is known that, with 5 mg/day, it is already possible to observe some effects in animal models. Wild berries could possibly improve the uremic condition by reducing the levels of uremic toxins via modulation of the gut microbiota. In the long term, this could be an excellent strategy for patients with CKD. Therefore, clinical studies are encouraged to evaluate better these effects on CKD as well as the safe amount of these fruits in order to promote a better quality of life or even the survival of these patients.

Effects of Probiotic-Enriched Minas Cheese (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05) on Cardiovascular Parameters in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats.

Dairy foods have become an interest in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to their nutritional profile, which makes them a good substrate for probiotics incorporation. This study evaluated the effect of probiotic-enriched Minas cheese with Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05 in an experimental rat model for CKD on cardiac, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 7/group): 5/6 nephrectomy + conventional Minas cheese (NxC); 5/6 nephrectomy + probiotic Minas cheese (NxPC); Sham + conventional Minas cheese (ShamC); Sham + probiotic Minas cheese (ShamPC). Offering 20 g/day of Minas cheese with Lact. acidophilus La-05 (108-109 log CFU/g) for 6 weeks. The cardiomyocyte diameter was determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in plasma, heart, kidney, and colon tissue was performed. At the end of supplementation, no significant changes in lipid profile and renal parameters were found. The NxPC group showed a decrease in cardiomyocyte diameter compared to the NxC group (16.99 ± 0.85 vs. 19.05 ± 0.56 µm, p = 0.0162); also they showed reduced plasmatic SOD activity (502.8 ± 49.12 vs. 599.4 ± 94.69 U/mL, p < 0.0001). In summary, probiotic-enriched Minas cheese (Lact. acidophilus La-05) consumption suggests a promisor cardioprotective effect and was able to downregulate SOD activity in a rat model of CKD.

Far from being a simple question: The complexity between in vitro and in vivo responses from nutrients and bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential.

Food nutrients and bioactive compounds have been widely explored due to the increased prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Antioxidant supplementation might be a crucial non-pharmacological strategy against oxidative stress. However, although some assays evaluate the antioxidant potential of a particular food or food compound, in vivo responses related to oxidative stress in the body may not be reproduced or directly correlated with in vitro values. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the relationship between data obtained in vitro for the antioxidant potential of food/food compounds and the effects observed in vivo. More specifically, we examined in vitro methods for evaluating antioxidant potential, their limitations, and the effects of consuming food rich in antioxidants on oxidative stress biomarkers. This review will help to understand the effects of antioxidant compounds on oxidative stress biomarkers (usually measured in vivo) and their use as health parameters to explain the effects of dietary antioxidants.

In vivo functional and health benefits of a prebiotic soursop whey beverage processed by high-intensity ultrasound: Study with healthy Wistar rats.

New technologies for food processing have been used to enhance the beneficial effects of foods. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a prebiotic soursop whey beverage processed by high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) on healthy rats. Whey beverages were processed by HIUS (20KHz, 520 W of nominal power, <53 °C, 20.3 W of acoustic power, energy density of 2.9 kJ.cm-3 and 9.5 min to process 100 mL) and high-temperature short-time (HTST, 75 °C for 15 s) before being supplemented to Wistar rats by gavage for 15 days. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anticancer activities, lipid peroxidation, bioactive peptides, and microstructure of the beverages were analyzed. In addition, the body mass, food, and water intake, systolic blood pressure, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters were measured. The sonicated beverage induced satiety, decreased glutathione peroxidase activity, total triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase. These findings suggest that ultrasound technology can provide in vivo health and functional benefits.

Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in low-income Brazilian preschoolers and associations with demographic correlates.

BACKGROUND: The importance of movement behaviors for health is well known, although few studies have examined the adherence to movement guidelines in low-income preschoolers from a middle-income country, as Brazil. This study reports the proportion of preschoolers meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines and investigates its associations with demographic correlates in Brazilian low-income preschoolers. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy preschoolers (132 boys, means age = 3.97 ± 0.80) provided physical activity (PA) data (Actigraph wGT3X). Sleep duration, screen time, and social correlates were parent-reported. Preschoolers were classified as compliant/not compliant with the 24-hour movement guidelines. Relationships between compliance with movement behaviors guidelines and demographic correlates were calculated using a network analysis (Mplus 8.0; Rstudio). RESULTS: Preschoolers were active (273.52 ± 62.08 minutes/day of total PA), though moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was below the guideline (58.68 ± 22.51 minutes/day); spent more than the recommended 60 minutes/day on screen time (169.91 ± 97.07 minutes/day); and slept less than 10 hours per night (9.44 ± 1.12 hours/day). Only 3% of the sample complied with the guidelines. PA showed the highest compliance (43%), compared to sleep duration (35%) and screen time (15%). Male sex was related to adherence to MVPA recommendations, while female sex, with adherence to total PA recommendations. Child's primary caregiver was the most important centrality indicator in the network. CONCLUSION: Only 3% of the assessed preschoolers are compliant with the 24-hour movement behaviors guidelines. Strategies to promote adherence to movement behaviors among low-income preschoolers should consider child's primary caregivers to support movement behaviors.

Saberes e experiências de gestantes sobre autocuidado puerperal e cuidado do/a recém-nascido/a mediante práticas educativas / Conocimientos y experiencias de las mujeres embarazadas sobre el autocuidado puerperal y el cuidado del recién nacido a través de prácticas educativas / Knowledge and experiences of pregnant women about puerperal self-care and newborn care through educational practices

Objetivo analisar saberes e experiências de gestantes sobre o autocuidado puerperal e cuidado do/a recém-nascido/a mediante práticas educativas. Método estudo qualitativo, com 16 gestantes que frequentavam o pré-natal em maternidade pública de Salvador, Bahia. Aplicou-se, na coleta de dados, roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado e práticas educativas em saúde. Utilizou-se análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados emergiram três categorias: autocuidado no período pós-parto: relevante e indispensável; neonato e amamentação: aprender para melhor cuidar; e práticas educativas na gestação: o resultado esperado. Evidenciou-se necessidade e relevância das práticas educativas desde a gestação, contudo valorizou-se o cuidado do/a recém-nascido/a em relação ao autocuidado da mulher, podendo influenciar no (auto)cuidado das envolvidas. Considerações finais as práticas educativas realizadas durante o pré-natal ofertaram subsídios para o empoderamento e a autonomia das mulheres ao retornarem ao domicílio, contudo, quando realizadas, distanciavam-se do autocuidado feminino, pois tendiam a valorizar apenas os cuidados destinados ao/a recém-nascido.

Objetivo analizar los conocimientos y experiencias de las mujeres embarazadas sobre el autocuidado puerperal y el cuidado de los recién nacidos a través de prácticas educativas. Método estudio cualitativo con 16 mujeres embarazadas que frecuentaron la atención prenatal en un hospital público de maternidad en Salvador, Bahía. En la recogida de datos, se aplicó una guía de entrevista semiestructurado y prácticas educativas en salud. El análisis de contenido se utilizó en la modalidad temática. Resultados surgieron tres categorías: autocuidado en el período posparto: relevante e indispensable; neonato y la lactancia materna: aprender a cuidar mejor; y prácticas educativas durante el embarazo: el resultado esperado. Se evidenciaron la necesidad y la relevancia de las prácticas educativas desde el embarazo, sin embargo, se valorizó el cuidado del recién nacido en relación con el autocuidado de la mujer, y puede influir en el (auto)cuidado de las involucradas. Consideraciones finales las prácticas educativas realizadas durante el cuidado prenatal ofrecían subsidios para el empoderamiento y la autonomía de las mujeres al regresar a casa, sin embargo, cuando se realizaban, se distanciaban del autocuidado que de la mujer, ya que tendían a valorar únicamente el cuidado destinado al recién nacidos.

Objective to analyze the knowledge and experiences of pregnant women about puerperal self-care and newborn care through educational practices. Method qualitative study with 16 pregnant women who attended prenatal care in a public maternity hospital in Salvador, Bahia. A semi-structured interview guide and health educational practices were applied in data collection. Content analysis was used in the thematic modality. Results three categories emerged: self-care in the postpartum period: relevant and indispensable; newborn and breastfeeding: learning the best care; and educational practices during pregnancy: the expected result. The need and relevance of educational practices since pregnancy were evidenced; however, the newborn care was valued in relation to the woman's self-care, and may influence the (self-)care of those involved. Final Consideration the educational practices performed during prenatal care offered subsidies for women's empowerment and autonomy when returning home; however, when performed, they distanced themselves from female self-care, as they tended to value only the newborn care.

Twenty-four-hour movement behaviours and fundamental movement skills in preschool children: A compositional and isotemporal substitution analysis.

Studies that have analysed the association between the different movement behaviours and fundamental movement skills (FMS) have considered it in an independent manner, disregarding the compositional nature of 24-h movement behaviours (24-h MB). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the 24-h MB and FMS in preschoolers using a compositional data analysis . Two hundred and four preschoolers (4.5 ± 0.8 years old; 101 boys) provided objectively assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (Actigraph wGT3X), and FMS (TGMD-2). Sleep duration (SD) was reported by parents. Association of daily composition of movement behaviours with FMS was explored using compositional analysis and isotemporal substitution (R Core Team, 3.6.1). When considered as a 24-h MB composition (PA, SB and SD), adjusted for age, BMI and sex, the composition predicted locomotor (r2 = 0.31), object control (r2 = 0.19), and total motor score (r2 = 0.35), respectively (all P < 0.001). Reallocation of time from light to moderate-to-vigorous PA was associated with greatest positive changes in total motor score. Achieving adequate balance between movement behaviours over the 24-h period, and its relationship with locomotor and object control skills should be considered and further investigated in early childhood.

An Exploration of Equine-Assisted Therapy to Improve Balance, Functional Capacity, and Cognition in Older Adults With Alzheimer Disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive dementia syndrome that features cognitive and behavioral symptoms, as well as physical and functional limitations that develop over the course of the disease. As an activity that involves physical and cognitive aspects, equine-assisted therapy (EAT) could be a useful therapeutic approach in conditions that involve physical and cognitive decline. However, to date, there are no reports of the use of this therapy in participants with AD. Within this context, the objective of this case series was to describe the effects of EAT on balance, functional capacity, and cognition in older adults diagnosed with AD. METHODS: We enrolled 9 participants, of both sexes, with a mean age of 79.7 (7.8) years and a diagnosis of AD. The study intervention comprised 20 sessions of EAT. We evaluated participants at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Outcome measures were balance (force plate), functional capacity (Timed Up and Go test and 30-second chair stand test), and cognition (verbal fluency and Mini-Mental State Examination). RESULTS: Comparison between the pre- and postintervention time points (Wilcoxon test) revealed significant improvements in balance (center of pressure in the anterior-posterior direction, P = .017) and functional capacity (Timed Up and Go test, P = .036, and 30-second chair stand test, P = .012). CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence of an association between EAT and improved balance and functional capacity in older adults with AD, with no significant impact on cognitive performance.

A functional and thromboelastometric-based micromethod for assessing crotoxin anticoagulant activity and antiserum relative potency against Crotalus durissus terrificus venom

The assessment of the capacity of antivenoms to neutralize the lethal activity of snake venoms still relies on traditional rodent in vivo lethality assay. ED50 and LD50 assays require large quantities of venoms and antivenoms, and besides leading to animal suffering. Therefore, in vitro tests should be introduced for assessing antivenom neutralizing capacity in intermediary steps of antivenom production. This task is facilitated when one key lethal toxin is identified. A good example is crotoxin, a P-neurotoxin phospholipase A(2)-like toxin that presents anticoagulant activity in vitro and is responsible for the lethality of venoms of Crotalus durissus snakes. By using rotational thromboelastometry, we reported recently one sensitive coagulation assay for assessing relative potency of the anti-bothropic serum in neutralizing procoagulant activity of Bothrops jararaca venom upon recalcified factor-XII-deficient chicken plasma samples (CPS). In this study, we stablished conditions for determining relative potency of four batches of the anti-crotalic serum (ACS) (antagonist) in inactivating crotoxin anticoagulant activity in CPS (target) simultaneously treated with one classical activator of coagulation (agonists). The correlation coefficient (r) between values related the ACS potency in inactivating both in vitro crotoxin anticoagulant activity and the in vivo lethality of whole venom (ED50) was 0.94 (p value < 0.05). In conclusion, slowness in spontaneous thrombin/fibrin generation even after recalcification elicit time lapse sufficient for elaboration of one dose-response curve to pro-or anti-coagulant agonists in CPS. We propose this methodology as an alternative and sensitive assay for assessing antivenom neutralizing ability in plasma of immunized horses as well as for in-process quality control.

A functional and thromboelastometric-based micromethod for assessing crotoxin anticoagulant activity and antiserum relative potency against Crotalus durissus terrificus venom

The assessment of the capacity of antivenoms to neutralize the lethal activity of snake venoms still relies on traditional rodent in vivo lethality assay. ED50 and LD50 assays require large quantities of venoms and antivenoms, and besides leading to animal suffering. Therefore, in vitro tests should be introduced for assessing antivenom neutralizing capacity in intermediary steps of antivenom production. This task is facilitated when one key lethal toxin is identified. A good example is crotoxin, a P-neurotoxin phospholipase A(2)-like toxin that presents anticoagulant activity in vitro and is responsible for the lethality of venoms of Crotalus durissus snakes. By using rotational thromboelastometry, we reported recently one sensitive coagulation assay for assessing relative potency of the anti-bothropic serum in neutralizing procoagulant activity of Bothrops jararaca venom upon recalcified factor-XII-deficient chicken plasma samples (CPS). In this study, we stablished conditions for determining relative potency of four batches of the anti-crotalic serum (ACS) (antagonist) in inactivating crotoxin anticoagulant activity in CPS (target) simultaneously treated with one classical activator of coagulation (agonists). The correlation coefficient (r) between values related the ACS potency in inactivating both in vitro crotoxin anticoagulant activity and the in vivo lethality of whole venom (ED50) was 0.94 (p value < 0.05). In conclusion, slowness in spontaneous thrombin/fibrin generation even after recalcification elicit time lapse sufficient for elaboration of one dose-response curve to pro-or anti-coagulant agonists in CPS. We propose this methodology as an alternative and sensitive assay for assessing antivenom neutralizing ability in plasma of immunized horses as well as for in-process quality control.

Redução de ansiedade com grupo de diabéticos: interfaces físicas e psicológicas de uma intervenção / Reduction of anxiety with people with diabetic: physical and psychological interfaces of an intervention

Experiência realizada com grupo de diabéticos, por meio de intervenção contemplando atividades físicas e psicológicas. O objetivo foi verificar se as intervenções realizadas teriam impacto na diminuição da ansiedade. A ansiedade é uma emoção associada à diabetes que pode prejudicar o controle glicêmico e afetar hormônios importantes. As atividades realizadas tiveram duração de um ano e meio. Foi identificada diferença significativa nos níveis de ansiedade pós-intervenção, indicando a potencialidade desse tipo de trabalho

Experiment carried out with people with diabetes, through an intervention which consisted of physical and psychological activities. The goal was to verify if performing an intervention would have any impacts on improving the anxiety in the individuals. Anxiety is an emotion associated with diabetes which can impair the glycemic control and affect the production of important hormones. The activities were performed throughout the period of one and a half years. A significant difference on anxiety levels was identified after the intervention, indicating the potential of this type of work

O jogo The Sims como tela de projeção e elaboração de experiências / Game The Sims like projection screen and elaborations of experiences / Juego The Sims como pantalla de proyección y elaboración de experiencias

Articulando a Psicologia com o trabalho de experimentação digital, investigamos a utilização do jogo de simulação virtual The Sims como tela projetiva, buscando seguir a elaboração de vivências de um grupo de pré- adolescentes moradores de uma casa abrigo. Para tanto, foram realizadas, ao longo de 2013, oficinas na Lan House de uma universidade com o intuito de compreender como os participantes utilizavam o jogo para ressignificar os fatos de suas vidas. Utilizando como suporte teórico metodológico a Teoria Ator-Rede, seguimos, no jogo, as falas e os movimentos dos participantes para montar um registro que nos permitisse levantar hipóteses sobre a maneira como se projetavam nos cenários montados. (AU)

Linking Psychology with the work of digital experimentation, we investigatedthe use of virtual simulation game The Sims as projective screen, seeking tofollow the elaboration of the experiences of a group of pre adolescents living in a shelter home. Lan House workshops were carried out throughout 2013 in a university in order to understand how the participants used the game to resignify the facts of their lives. Using Actor-Network Theory as theoretical and methodological support, we followed, in the game, narratives and movements of the participants to set a record that would allow us to make hypotheses about the way the players were projected on mounted scenarios. (AU)

Hemos establecido una conexión entre la Psicología y el trabajo de experimentación digital para investigar el uso de juego de simulación virtualde Los Sims como pantalla proyectiva, tratando de seguir elaboración de lasexperiencias de un grupo de pre adolescentes que viven en una casa deacogida. Se llevaron a cabo, a lo largo de 2013, talleres en una Lan House de la universidad con el fin de entender cómo los participantes utilizan el juego para replantear los hechos de sus vidas. Se utilizó la Teoría del ActorRed como un soporte teórico y metodológico, cuando seguimos en el juego, las líneas y los movimientos de los participantes para montar un record que nos permitió hacer hipótesis sobre la proyección de los actores y escenarios montados. (AU)

O jogo The Sims como tela de projeção e elaboração de experiências / Game The Sims like projection screen and elaborations of experiences / Juego The Sims como pantalla de proyección y elaboración de experiencias

Articulando a Psicologia com o trabalho de experimentação digital, investigamos a utilização do jogo de simulação virtual The Sims como tela projetiva, buscando seguir a elaboração de vivências de um grupo de pré- adolescentes moradores de uma casa abrigo. Para tanto, foram realizadas, ao longo de 2013, oficinas na Lan House de uma universidade com o intuito de compreender como os participantes utilizavam o jogo para ressignificar os fatos de suas vidas. Utilizando como suporte teórico metodológico a Teoria Ator-Rede, seguimos, no jogo, as falas e os movimentos dos participantes para montar um registro que nos permitisse levantar hipóteses sobre a maneira como se projetavam nos cenários montados.

Linking Psychology with the work of digital experimentation, we investigatedthe use of virtual simulation game The Sims as projective screen, seeking tofollow the elaboration of the experiences of a group of pre adolescents living in a shelter home. Lan House workshops were carried out throughout 2013 in a university in order to understand how the participants used the game to resignify the facts of their lives. Using Actor-Network Theory as theoretical and methodological support, we followed, in the game, narratives and movements of the participants to set a record that would allow us to make hypotheses about the way the players were projected on mounted scenarios.

Hemos establecido una conexión entre la Psicología y el trabajo de experimentación digital para investigar el uso de juego de simulación virtualde Los Sims como pantalla proyectiva, tratando de seguir elaboración de lasexperiencias de un grupo de pre adolescentes que viven en una casa deacogida. Se llevaron a cabo, a lo largo de 2013, talleres en una Lan House de la universidad con el fin de entender cómo los participantes utilizan el juego para replantear los hechos de sus vidas. Se utilizó la Teoría del ActorRed como un soporte teórico y metodológico, cuando seguimos en el juego, las líneas y los movimientos de los participantes para montar un record que nos permitió hacer hipótesis sobre la proyección de los actores y escenarios montados.

Chronic effects of resistance exercise using reciprocal muscle actions on functional and proprioceptive performance of young individuals: randomized controlled trial. / Efeitos crônicos do exercício resistido com contrações recíprocas no desempenho funcional e proprioceptivo de indivíduos jovens: ensaio controlado aleatório

Studies have suggested that benefits from resistance exercise (RE) using antagonist muscle pre-activation could be transferred to functional activities. However, chronic studies using pre-activation through reciprocal actions in neuromuscular performance and functional activities are scarce. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of 12 RE sessions using reciprocal muscle actions and a traditional mode on functional and proprioceptive performance of young individuals. Forty eight young subjects were randomized into two groups: 1) reciprocal training (RT, 3 sets; 10 repetitions; knee flexion immediately followed by knee extension), 2) traditional training (TRA, 3 sets. 10 repetitions; knee extension). Pre and post evaluations were characterized by balance tests, hop tests (HT) and "8" shape circuit (RC8). ANOVA 2X2 of mixed model was applied to analyze differences between pre and post-training conditions and between groups. For overall and anterior-posterior balance, no significant differences were found between RT and TRA (p>0.05). Similarly, no post-training differences were found. The medial lateral balance in the dominant limb showed no significant differences in post-training for both groups (p = 0.94), but the non-dominant limb showed significant differences between groups (p<0.01). In HT, significant post-training increases were found within groups (p<0.01), but no differences were found between them (p=0.90). RC8 was different between groups (p=0.03), indicating better post-training running time for TRA. Resistance exercise caused transfers to balance and functional performance, and training with reciprocal muscle actions showed better rates for HT and medial lateral knee balance.

Estudos sugerem que benefícios do exercício resistido (ER) com pré-ativação da musculatura antagonista podem ser transferidos para atividades funcionais. No entanto, estudos crônicos utilizando a pré-ativação no desempenho neuromuscular e nas atividades funcionais são escassos. O estudo teve por objetivo comparar os efeitos de 12 sessões de ER com ações recíprocas e um modelo tradicional no desempenho funcional e proprioceptivo de indivíduos jovens. Quarenta e oito homens foram aleatorizados em 2 grupos: 1) treinamento recíproco (TRE, 3 séries; 10 repetições; flexão do joelho imediatamente seguida pela extensão do joelho); 2) treinamento tradicional (TRA, 3 séries; 10 repetições; extensão do joelho). As avaliações pré e pós foram caracterizadas por testes de equilíbrio, salto unipodal em distância (SUD) e corrida em formato de "8" (CR8). Aplicou-se uma ANOVA 2X2 de modelos mistos para analisar diferenças entre as condições pré e pós e entre os grupos. No equilíbrio global e anteroposterior, não foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre os grupos TRE e TRA (p>0,05). Do mesmo modo, não foram encontradas diferenças pós-treinamento. O equilíbrio mediolateral no membro dominante não demonstrou diferenças significantes pós-treinamento (p=0,94), mas o membro não dominante demonstrou diferença significante entres os grupos (p<0,01). No SUD, houve aumentos significantes pós-treinamento nos grupos (p<0,01), mas sem diferença entre ambos (p=0,90). A CR8 apresentou diferença entre grupos (p=0,03), com melhor tempo de corrida do TRA pós-treinamento. O ER gerou transferências para o equilíbrio e testes funcionais, e o treinamento com ações recíprocas apresentou ...