Characteristics of Four Upward-Pointing Cosmic-Ray-like Events Observed with ANITA.

We report on four radio-detected cosmic-ray (CR) or CR-like events observed with the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA), a NASA-sponsored long-duration balloon payload. Two of the four were previously identified as stratospheric CR air showers during the ANITA-I flight. A third stratospheric CR was detected during the ANITA-II flight. Here, we report on characteristics of these three unusual CR events, which develop nearly horizontally, 20-30 km above the surface of Earth. In addition, we report on a fourth steeply upward-pointing ANITA-I CR-like radio event which has characteristics consistent with a primary that emerged from the surface of the ice. This suggests a possible τ-lepton decay as the origin of this event, but such an interpretation would require significant suppression of the standard model τ-neutrino cross section.

Word-processing training and retraining: effects of adult age, experience, and interface.

Novice (Experiment 1) and experienced (Experiment 2) young, middle-aged, and older adults learned a new word-processing application in keystrokes, menus, or menus-plus-icons interface conditions. Novices showed strong age differences in the time to complete the 3-day tutorial and in declarative and procedural tests of word-processing knowledge. Menus and menus-plus-icons were superior to keystrokes condition. though interface did not interact with age. Experienced users showed age-related slowing in learning rate but minimal age differences in test performance when retrained on a new word-processing program. Age and computer experience accounted for much of the variance in both learning time and word-processing performance; interface type, speed of processing, and spatial generation ability made additional contributions. Experience interacted with age to predict performance. Implications for training and retraining older workers are discussed.

Personal constructs in anorexia.

A repertory grid of 12 elements and 12 constructs was presented to 15 female subjects suffering from primary anorexia nervosa and 15 matched control subjects. Cluster analysis, as used by Makhlouf-Norris and Norris (1973) revealed that the anorexic group had a prevalence of segmented and monolithic structures and the normal group a prevalence of articulated structures. The relationships between the elements was examined and the anorexic group showed significantly more "ideal self" isolation, "social" and "present self" alienation than the control group. The average distance between the elements was significantly greater in the anorexic group than in the control group. Analysis of the first two components showed that the first component accounted for more variance than the second when compared to the normals. It is concluded that the repertory grid is a valid method of investigating the conceptual disturbance in anorexia nervosa.

Subphrenic abscess: roentgen considerations.

Roentgen findings in subphrenic abscess, in the order of their specificity and clinical value, are subphrenic air-fluid level, elevation and restriction of motion of the diaphragm, pleural reaction with congestion, segmental atelectasis or pneumonitis at the lung base and upper abdominal mass. Less frequently there may be empyema or bronchopleural fistula. Suppression of the infection by antibiotics may protract the course and obscure the clinical findings. Serial x-ray and fluoroscopic studies are recommended when a patient who has had rupture of a viscus or previous abdominal operation does not completely recover or has a persistent lowgrade fever.