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BMC Infect Dis ; 11: 313, 2011 Nov 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22060843

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: During the 2009 influenza A/H1N1v pandemic, children were identified as a specific "at risk" group. We conducted a multicentric study to describe pattern of influenza A/H1N1v infection among hospitalized children in Brussels, Belgium. METHODS: From July 1, 2009, to January 31, 2010, we collected epidemiological and clinical data of all proven (positive H1N1v PCR) and probable (positive influenza A antigen or culture) pediatric cases of influenza A/H1N1v infections, hospitalized in four tertiary centers. RESULTS: During the epidemic period, an excess of 18% of pediatric outpatients and emergency department visits was registered. 215 children were hospitalized with proven/probable influenza A/H1N1v infection. Median age was 31 months. 47% had ≥ 1 comorbid conditions. Febrile respiratory illness was the most common presentation. 36% presented with initial gastrointestinal symptoms and 10% with neurological manifestations. 34% had pneumonia. Only 24% of the patients received oseltamivir but 57% received antibiotics. 10% of children were admitted to PICU, seven of whom with ARDS. Case fatality-rate was 5/215 (2%), concerning only children suffering from chronic neurological disorders. Children over 2 years of age showed a higher propensity to be admitted to PICU (16% vs 1%, p = 0.002) and a higher mortality rate (4% vs 0%, p = 0.06). Infants less than 3 months old showed a milder course of infection, with few respiratory and neurological complications. CONCLUSION: Although influenza A/H1N1v infections were generally self-limited, pediatric burden of disease was significant. Compared to other countries experiencing different health care systems, our Belgian cohort was younger and received less frequently antiviral therapy; disease course and mortality were however similar.


Subject(s)
Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/pathology , Pandemics , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Belgium/epidemiology , Child , Child, Hospitalized , Child, Preschool , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Female , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy , Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/pathology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Influenza, Human/complications , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Male , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy , Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology , Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Oseltamivir/therapeutic use , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/pathology , Survival Analysis
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