ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a systemic and necrotizing vasculitis, and cutaneous involvement is uncommon. We report two cases of skin ulceration mimicking a pyoderma gangrenosum, and revealing granulomatosis with polyangiitis. CASE REPORTS: We report two patients who presented with atypical cutaneous ulcerations, with a chronic course. These wounds were large ulcerations with abrupt edges, with purulent and hemorrhagic exudates. The first hypothesis was a pyoderma gangrenosum, but the biopsies were not specific. New biopsies performed distant from the edges showed a necrotizing vasculitis associated with giant cells granuloma, typical from granulomatosis with polyangiitis. CONCLUSION: Cutaneous manifestations are uncommon in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and can be misleading as they may precede the systemic symptoms. We report two cases of granulomatosis with polyangiitis revealed by cutaneous symptoms mimicking a pyoderma gangrenosum. Repetition of the skin biopsies were necessary to obtain the diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/diagnosis , Pyoderma Gangrenosum/diagnosis , Skin Ulcer/diagnosis , Skin/pathology , Aged , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/complications , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Leucoderma is a frequent presenting complaint in children and it is sometimes difficult to make a definite diagnostic during the first consultation. The aim of this study is to analyse the diagnoses associated with leucoderma in children in order to propose a practical approach to their differential diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a review of the literature using the keywords "leucoderma children review", "leucoderma Ito" and "nevus depigmentosus" in the Medline database. All relevant articles were included. RESULTS: Four hundred and thirty-five articles were retrieved and 179 were analysed. A clinical approach was proposed in 6 articles and investigations in 15 articles. DISCUSSION: Causal diagnosis of leucoderma may frequently be made on clinical grounds by determining the age of onset and distribution of lesions. Nevertheless, some situations require investigation. The literature is limited regarding clinical approaches and examinations in leucoderma. Herein, we present a systematic clinical and laboratory approach to the differential diagnosis of these skin disorders.
Subject(s)
Hypopigmentation , Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Adolescent , Age of Onset , Albinism/epidemiology , Albinism/genetics , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Genetic Counseling , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/diagnosis , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/epidemiology , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics , Humans , Hypopigmentation/classification , Hypopigmentation/congenital , Hypopigmentation/diagnosis , Hypopigmentation/etiology , Hypopigmentation/genetics , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Mutation , Sequence Deletion , Symptom Assessment , SyndromeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: White lentiginosis is characterized by white guttate macules with a typical histological structure: lentiginosis hyperplasia with hypopigmentation. OBSERVATION: A 23-year-old woman, from Algeria, presented with white macules from 5 years ago. Few women in her family had the same trouble. Cutaneous examination revealed diffused white little macules. Histological examination showed a lentiginous hyperplasia of the epidermis, with elongated club-shaped rete ridges and an unusual loss of pigmentation. DISCUSSION: Different diagnosis should be discussed with disseminated leucoderma macules. Nevertheless, the only one which corresponds with our case is the white lentiginosis. To our knowledge, it is the first case described since Grosshans et al. in 1994. Our patient is a descendant of the original case's family. This new case appears to confirm the genetic origin of the disorder and suggests autosomal dominant or X-linked inheritance.
