Use of Sodium Hyaluronate and Triamcinolone Acetonide Following Arthrocentesis in Treatment of Internal Derangement of Temporomandibular Joint: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study.

Background: Internal derangement (ID) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a common temporomandibular disorder (TMD) which causes hypomobility of the joint. Minimally invasive treatment modality like arthrocentesis is used as first-line of management having low morbidity and high efficacy. This prospective randomized comparative study was carried to compare the efficacy of intra-articular injection with sodium hyaluronate (SH) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) after arthrocentesis in ID of TMJ. Materials and Methods: A total 40 patients diagnosed with ID (stage 1-4) were included in the study and randomly divided in two groups. Twenty patients (group A) received intra-articular injection of SH while 20 patients (group B) received intra-articular injection of TA, after arthrocentesis. The clinical parameters of pain (VAS), Maximum mouth opening (MMO) (mm) and clicking sound (present/absent) were evaluated pre-operatively and at seventh day, 1 month and 3 months post-operatively. Results: There was statistically significant improvement in pain scores in both the groups at all time intervals with SH being superior (p value 0.0086). All the patients showed improved mouth opening at all time intervals, TA being superior but statistically insignificant (p value 0.59). There was reduction in the clicking sound in both the groups which was statistically insignificant at all time intervals. Conclusions: Arthrocentesis followed by intra-articular injection with SH is superior to TA in terms of pain reduction, while TA showed superiority in terms of improved mouth opening.

Comparison of oral health-related quality of life and its association with the periodontal status among the adults: A questionnaire-based study.

Background: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is used for evaluating needs of people, their health problems, their level of satisfaction, and various effects of any intervention which have been provided for recording of various nonclinical aspects of oral health. Aim: The objective of the study was to compare OHRQoL and its association with periodontal health among adult population. Materials and Methods: This prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 respondents who were diagnosed with periodontitis. 14-item containing Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used for study analysis. A single observer made clinical examinations. Mann-Whitney "U" and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used for comparing the OHIP-14 scores. Statistically significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Majority of study participants were of female gender (62.0%). A significant association was observed between loss of attachment and OHIP14 scores (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Poor periodontal health may affect the OHRQoL.

Résumé Contexte: La qualité de vie liée à la santé bucco-dentaire (OHRQoL) est utilisée pour évaluer les besoins des personnes, leurs problèmes de santé, leur niveau de satisfaction, et divers effets de toute intervention qui a été fournie pour l'enregistrement de divers aspects non cliniques de la santé bucco-dentaire. But: L'objectif de l'étude était de comparer la OHRQoL et son association avec la santé parodontale parmi la population adulte. Matériels et méthodes: ce Une étude prospective et transversale a été menée auprès de 300 répondants ayant reçu un diagnostic de parodontite. 14 articles contenant Orale Le questionnaire Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) a été utilisé pour l'analyse de l'étude. Un seul observateur a fait des examens cliniques. Man­Les tests statistiques Whitney " U " et Kruskal­Wallis ont été utilisés pour comparer les scores OHIP-14. La signification statistique a été fixée à P < 0,05. Résultats: La majorité des participants à l'étude étaient de sexe féminin (62,0 %). Une association significative a été observée entre la perte d'attachement et scores OHIP14 (P = 0,003). Conclusion: Une mauvaise santé parodontale peut affecter l'OHRQoL. Mots-clés: Adultes, Oral Health Impact Profile 14, qualité de vie liée à la santé buccodentaire, parodontite, questionnaire.

Dermatoglyphics and Cheiloscopy patterns in hypertensive and type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study.

BACKGROUND: Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension which bears no etiological reasons. It is found to affect approximately 90 to 95 percent of hypertensive individuals. Similarly, type 2 diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a genetically determined systemic condition with a close relation to familial medical history. Both of these conditions or diseases are closely linked with the process of ageing among various other inherited and genetically determined factors. Importantly, a positive family history increases disease risk manifolds. As there is increased risk of hypertension and development of type 2 diabetes in individuals with family history because of genetic factors, the study of co-relation between dermatoglyphics and hypertension can aid in early identification of individuals with a genetic predisposition towards developing hypertension and type 2 diabetes. AIM: The aim and objectives were as follows: (1) Analyze dermatoglyphic finger patterns; (2) Analyze cheiloscopic patterns; (3) Comparison of cheiloscopic and dermatoglyphic patterns with hypertension and type 2 diabetes; and (4) to determine if dermatoglyphics and/or cheiloscopic patterns can be used as tool(s) for pre-identification of inherited diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 300 study participants age range above 40 years were selected after obtaining informed consent. Lip patterns were recorded using a dark-colored lipstick and a transparent cellophane tape while finger print patterns were recorded using stamp ink-pad and by applying uniform finger pressure on blank paper sheet. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS: Cheiloscopic patterns analysis showed that the branched, straight, intersected, reticular followed by undifferentiated patterns were present in decreasing frequency among male patients while among female patients, branched, intersected, straight and reticular patterns were observed. However, no undifferentiated pattern was observed in female subjects. These findings were consistent with both diabetic as well as hypertensive patients. On the other hand, finger pattern analysis showed that ulnar loop was most frequently observed in both male and female patients with either hypertension or type 2 diabetes. Also, this was followed in decreasing order by arch type pattern, radial loop pattern and whorl pattern in both genders. CONCLUSION: It can be surmised from the study that both the finger prints and lip patterns can be used to ascertain predisposition to type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Tumor markers in oral cancer: A review.

Tumor markers are the substances produced in response to the presence of cancer either by the body itself or by the cancer cells. These markers mostly are the proteins that are produced at a greater rate by the cancer cells. Increased levels of these substances can be detected in urine, blood, or body tissues of the patients with certain types of cancer. These markers are useful in differentiating primary or secondary tumors. In few noncancerous conditions, these markers are often found to be elevated. For these reasons, the knowledge regarding these biomarkers has increased tremendously. This article classifies the different types of tumor markers and implicates their role in some diseases.

Evaluation of marginal bone loss around dental implants in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. A comparative study.

BACKGROUND: The overall success of osteointegrated dental implants depends on various factors. The deleterious effects of smoking on wound healing after the tooth extraction and its association with poor quality of bone are well documented. Similar effects of tobacco use on the success of dental implants are expected. Cigarette smoke mainly contains nicotine that delays the bone healing and increases the rate of infections at the implant insertion site. AIM: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the marginal bone loss around dental implants in smokers and nonsmokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 500 individuals who received dental implants in maxillary or mandibular edentulous regions from 2010 to 2017. The sample was divided into two groups: Group I (smokers, n = 280) and Group II (nonsmokers, n = 220). Marginal bone loss was measured on mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual side of each implant using periapical radiographs 3 months after loading, 6 months after loading, and 12 months after loading. RESULTS: The crestal bone loss around dental implants was significantly greater in smokers (Group I) as compared to nonsmokers (Group II) irrespective of the duration of loading (P < 0.001). Marginal bone loss did vary significantly by location in either groups. CONCLUSION: Smoking overall lowers the success rate of dental implants. Increased duration and frequency of smoking leads to a greater degree of marginal bone loss around dental implants.