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Resumo Objetivo Analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à hospitalização de idosos com COVID-19 no estado do Paraná, PR, Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal vinculado à coorte "Acompanhamento Longitudinal de adultos e idosos que receberam alta da internação hospitalar por COVID-19", realizado por meio de informações contidas nas fichas de notificação compulsória do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. As análises foram realizadas através de frequências relativas e absolutas, com aplicação do teste de qui-quadrado adotado no modelo de regressão logística. A população do estudo englobou pessoas residentes no Estado do Paraná com idade de 60 anos ou mais, hospitalizadas por COVID-19 no período de março de 2020 a setembro de 2021. Resultados Foi identificada maior prevalência de hospitalização entre idosos com escolaridade igual ou maior a oito anos. Indivíduos não vacinados contra COVID-19 apresentaram maior chance de internação. O sexo masculino apresentou mais chance de admissão em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva em comparação com o sexo feminino. Doenças cardiovasculares, pneumopatia e obesidade aumentaram a prevalência da forma grave da doença. Conclusão Fatores tais como escolaridade e não adesão à vacinação contra COVID-19 podem aumentar o risco de hospitalização pela doença. Pessoas idosas do sexo masculino apresentam maior chance de hospitalização na UTI se comparadas às do sexo feminino; além disso, a não utilização de antivirais pode contribuir para o agravamento do estado de saúde.
Resumen Objetivo Analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la hospitalización de personas mayores por COVID-19 en el estado de Paraná. Métodos Estudio transversal vinculado a la cohorte "Seguimiento longitudinal de adultos y personas mayores que recibieron alta de internación hospitalaria por COVID-19", realizado mediante información contenida en las fichas de notificación obligatoria del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación. Los análisis fueron realizados a través de frecuencias relativas y absolutas, con aplicación de la prueba ji cuadrado adoptada en el modelo de regresión logística. La población del estudio incluyó personas residentes del estado de Paraná, de 60 años o más, hospitalizadas por COVID-19 en el período de marzo de 2020 a septiembre de 2021. Resultados Se identificó mayor prevalencia de hospitalización en personas mayores con escolaridad igual o mayor a ocho años. Individuos no vacunados contra COVID-19 presentaron mayor probabilidad de internación. El sexo masculino presentó más probabilidad de admisión en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en comparación con el sexo femenino. Enfermedades cardiovasculares, neumopatía y obesidad aumentaron la prevalencia de la forma grave de la enfermedad. Conclusión Factores tales como escolaridad y no adhesión a la vacunación contra COVID-19 pueden aumentar el riesgo de hospitalización por la enfermedad. Personas mayores de sexo masculino presentaron mayor probabilidad de hospitalización en la UCI al compararlas con las de sexo femenino. Además, la no utilización de antivirales puede contribuir al agravamiento del estado de salud.
Abstract Objective To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with hospitalization of elderly people with COVID-19 in the State of Paraná, PR, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study linked to the cohort "Longitudinal Monitoring of adults and elderly people who were discharged from hospital admission due to COVID-19", was carried out using information contained in the compulsory notification forms of the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Analyzes were carried out using relative and absolute frequencies, applying the chi-square test adopted in the logistic regression model. The study population included people aged 60 years or over and residing in the State of Paraná, who were hospitalized for COVID-19 from March 2020 to September 2021. Results A higher hospitalization prevalence was identified among elderly people with eight years of education or more. Individuals not vaccinated against COVID-19 had a greater chance of hospitalization. Males had a greater chance of admission to the Intensive Care Unit compared to females. Cardiovascular diseases, lung disease, and obesity have increased the prevalence of the severe form of the disease. Conclusion Factors such as education and non-adherence to vaccination against COVID-19 can increase the risk of hospitalization due to the disease. Elderly people of the male sex have a greater chance of hospitalization in the ICU compared to the female sex. Furthermore, not using antivirals can contribute to worsening health status.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , COVID-19 , COVID-19/prevention & control , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cohort StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the distribution of tuberculosis cases in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between 2018 and 2021. METHODS: this was an ecological study using secondary data obtained from compulsory notifications; detection rates per 100,000 inhabitants were described according to health regions in the state; percentage changes between 2018-2019 and 2020-2021 were calculated. RESULTS: a total of 7,099 cases were registered. The highest rates were observed in the health regions of Paranaguá (52.4/100,000 in 2018-2019; 38.2/100,000 in 2020-2021) and Foz do Iguaçu (34.4/100,000 in 2018-2019; 20.5/100,000 in 2020-2021), and the lowest rates in Irati (6.3/100,000 in 2018-2019; 8.8/100,000 in 2020-2021) and Francisco Beltrão (8.5/100,000 in 2018-2019; 7.6/100,000 in 2020-2021); in 2020-2021, it could be seen a decrease in percentage changes in 18 health regions, while there was an increase in four of them, especially Foz do Iguaçu (-40.5%) and Cianorte (+53.6%). CONCLUSION: high rates were found in the coastal and triple border regions; and there was a decline in detection rates in the pandemic period.
Subject(s)
Pandemics , Tuberculosis , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The present study reviewed and discussed the promising affinity tags for one-step purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins. The approach used to structure this systematic review was The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) methodology. The Scopus and Web of Science databases were used to perform the bibliographic survey by which 267 articles were selected. After the inclusion/exclusion criteria and the screening process, from 25 chosen documents, we identified 7 types of tags used in the last 10 years, carbohydrate-binding module tag (CBM), polyhistidine (His-tag), elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), silaffin-3-derived pentalysine cluster (Sil3k tag), N-acetylmuramidase (AcmA tag), modified haloalkane dehalogenase (HaloTag®), and aldehyde from a lipase polypeptide (Aldehyde tag). The most used bacterial host for expressing the targeted protein was Escherichia coli and the most used expression vector was pET-28a. The results demonstrated two main immobilization and purification methods: the use of supports and the use of self-aggregating tags without the need of support, depending on the tag used. Besides, the chosen terminal for cloning the tag proved to be very important once it could alter enzyme activity. In conclusion, the best tag for protein one-step purification and immobilization was CBM tag, due to the eco-friendly supports that can be provided from industry wastes, the fast immobilization with high specificity, and the reduced cost of the process.
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Objetivo: analisar a distribuição dos casos de tuberculose no Paraná, Brasil, entre 2018 e 2021. Métodos: estudo ecológico, sobre dados secundários oriundos de notificações compulsórias; descrição das taxas de detecção por 100 mil habitantes segundo regiões de saúde do estado; cálculo das variações percentuais entre 2018-2019 e 2020-2021. Resultados: foram registrados 7.099 casos, observando-se maiores taxas nas regionais de Paranaguá (52,4/100 mil em 2018-2019; 38,2/100 mil em 2020-2021) e Foz do Iguaçu (34,4/100 mil em 2018-2019; 20,5/100 mil em 2020-2021), e menores em Irati (6,3/100 mil em 2018-2019; 8,8/100 mil em 2020-2021) e Francisco Beltrão (8,5/100 mil em 2018-2019; 7,6/100 mil em 2020-2021); em 2020-2021, houve queda nas variações percentuais dessas taxas em 18 regionais e aumento em quatro, destacando-se, respectivamente, Foz do Iguaçu (-40,5%) e Cianorte (+53,6%). Conclusão: foram observadas taxas elevadas nas regionais do litoral e da tríplice fronteira; houve declínio das taxas de detecção no período pandêmico.
Objective: to analyze the distribution of tuberculosis cases in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between 2018 and 2021. Methods: this was an ecological study using secondary data obtained from compulsory notifications; detection rates per 100,000 inhabitants were described according to health regions in the state; percentage changes between 2018-2019 and 2020-2021 were calculated. Results: a total of 7,099 cases were registered. The highest rates were observed in the health regions of Paranaguá (52.4/100,000 in 2018-2019; 38.2/100,000 in 2020-2021) and Foz do Iguaçu (34.4/100,000 in 2018-2019; 20.5/100,000 in 2020-2021), and the lowest rates in Irati (6.3/100,000 in 2018-2019; 8.8/100,000 in 2020-2021) and Francisco Beltrão (8.5/100,000 in 2018-2019; 7.6/100,000 in 2020-2021); in 2020-2021, it could be seen a decrease in percentage changes in 18 health regions, while there was an increase in four of them, especially Foz do Iguaçu (-40.5%) and Cianorte (+53.6%). Conclusion: high rates were found in the coastal and triple border regions; and there was a decline in detection rates in the pandemic period.
Objetivo: analizar la distribución de casos de tuberculosis en Paraná de 2018 a 2021. Métodos: estudio ecológico utilizando datos secundarios de notificaciones obligatorias. Se describieron las tasas de detección por 100.000 habitantes según las regiones de salud de Paraná. Se calcularon los cambios porcentuales entre 2018-2019 y 2020-2021. Resultados: se registraron 7.099 casos, observándose tasas más altas en las regiones de Paranaguá (52,4/100.000 en 2018-2019 y 38,2/100.000 en 2020-2021) y Foz do Iguaçu (34,4/100.000 en 2018-2019 y 20,5/100.000 en 2020-2021) y menor en Irati (6,3/100.000 en 2018-2019 y 8,8/100.000 en 2020-2021) y Francisco Beltrão (8,5/100.000 en 2018-2019 y 7,6/100.000 en 2020-2021). En 2020-2021, hubo descenso en 18 regiones y aumento en cuatro, con destaque para Foz do Iguaçu (-40,5%) y Cianorte (+53,6%). Conclusión: se encontraron altas tasas para las regiones de la costa y la triple frontera, además de una disminución en la detección durante el período de pandemia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Ecological Studies , Health Information Systems , Brazil/epidemiology , Public Health , Spatial AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the temporal trend and spatial behavior of leprosy in Brazil, from 2011 to 2021. METHODS: This is an ecological study, with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, obtained in June 2022. The annual detection rate of new leprosy cases per 100 thousand inhabitants was calculated. To estimate the trend of the 2011-2019 and 2011-2021 series, the polynomial regression model was used, testing first-, second-, and third-order polynomials. For spatiality, natural breaks were used and, later, the univariate global and local Moran's indexes. A significance level of 5% was adopted and the analyses were performed using SPSS®, GeoDa®, and QGIS® software. RESULTS: The findings indicated an upward trend in the incidence of leprosy in Brazilian regions and in 20 federative units between 2011 and 2019. However, there was a decrease in most of the country when considering the COVID-19 pandemic years. Spatiality showed that the highest detection rates throughout the period were observed in the North, Midwest, and Northeast regions, with high-risk clusters, and the lowest detection rates in the South and Southeast regions, with low-risk clusters. CONCLUSION: The leprosy detection rate showed an upward trend in Brazil between 2011 and 2019, with greater spatial concentration in the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions. Nevertheless, the study raises an alert for the programmatic sustainability of leprosy control in Brazil, considering the drop in the COVID-19 pandemic, presumably due to the influence of the reorganization of the development of initiatives and provision of services in face of COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Spatial AnalysisABSTRACT
The death of a loved one is a major stressor, and bereaved people are at a higher risk of negative health effects. This risk is higher during the COVID-19 pandemic, which raises the need for understanding existing bereavement support interventions. This scoping review aimed to map and summarize findings from the existing literature regarding bereavement support interventions (i.e., psychosocial and psychotherapeutic interventions) for family carers of people who died of COVID-19. The Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework was used. Five databases-Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science-were searched for articles available from the inception of COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020) to January 2022, following the PRISMA guidelines. Among the 990 studies identified, only seven met this study's inclusion criteria. The analysis comprised three key topics: types of support programmes and bereavement interventions; tools used to measure the outcomes; and evidence of the impacts of the interventions. All studies analysed included interdisciplinary interventions, commonly developed in clinical settings. Support for recently bereaved individuals can entail cognitive behavioural therapy strategies and other tools to educate, guide, support, and promote healthy integration of loss. To mitigate the effects of non-normative family bereavement, we recommend a systematic approach and coordination between organizational settings, including access to informal and professional support, in order to find hope while navigating the aftermath of COVID-19.
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INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions to daily social routines and to the lived experience of bereaved families. This article outlines the protocol for a scoping review of published studies to evaluate psychosocial and psychotherapeutic interventions intended to help family carers adjust to grief, loss and bereavement due to COVID-19. This review addresses one broad research question: 'What do we know about bereavement support interventions for family carers of COVID-19 victims?' METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The seminal framework by Arksey and O'Malley will guide the review process, which will cover both the qualitative and quantitative scientific literature on grief support during COVID-19. We will search for relevant studies in several databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, Scopus and Directory of Open Access Journals. Moreover, we will search the reference lists of included studies and grey literature sources. The database search will be limited to studies from February 2020 (first death by COVID-19) to 1 January 2022. Only literature written in English, Portuguese and Spanish shall be included. Two independent reviewers will screen the literature, select articles and extract data, in an iterative process. Any disagreements will be solved through consensus-based discussion. Results will be reported with descriptive statistics, accompanied by a thematic analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study will use information acquired from previously published papers and hence does not require ethical approval. This protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/bw7fn/). Scoping results will be disseminated via posters and oral presentations to both academic and clinical audiences, as well as through peer-reviewed journals.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Hospice Care , Delivery of Health Care , Humans , Pandemics , Research Design , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Since 2020, the world has been going through a viral pandemic with a high morbidity and mortality rate along with the potential to evolve from an acute infection to post-acute and long-COVID, which is still in the process of elucidation. Diagnostic and prognostic research is essential to understand the complexity of factors and contexts involving the illness's process. This protocol introduces a study strategy to analyse predictors, sequelae, and repercussions of COVID-19 in adults and older adults with different disease severities in the State of Paraná, Brazil. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. The quantitative data will be conducted by an ambispective cohort study, which will explore the manifestations of COVID-19 for 18 months, with nearly 3000 participants with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19 (reverse transcription-PCR test) between March and December of 2020, retrieved from national disease reporting databases, over 18 years old, living in a Brazilian State (Paraná) and who survived the viral infection after being discharged from a health service. Data collection will be conducted through telephone interviews, at two different occasions: the first will be a recall 12 months after the acute phase as a retrospective follow-up, and the second will be another prospective interview, with data of the following 6 months. For the qualitative step, Grounded Theory will be used; participants will be selected from the cohort population. The first sample group will be composed of people who were discharged from the intensive care unit, and other sample groups will be composed according to theoretical saturation. The qualitative data will follow the temporal design and classification of the disease provided for in the cohort. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was granted by the State University of Maringá, under opinion number: 4 165 272 and CAAE: 34787020.0.0000.0104 on 21 July 2020, and Hospital do Trabalhador (Worker's Hospital), which is accountable for the Health Department of the State of Paraná, under opinion number: 4 214 589 and CAAE: 34787020.0.3001.5225 on 15 August 2020. The participants will verbally consent to the research, their consent will be recorded, and the informed consent form will be sent by mail or email. Outcomes will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed manuscripts, conference presentations, media and reports to related authorities.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , Aged , Adolescent , SARS-CoV-2 , Brazil/epidemiology , Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome , Cohort Studies , Prospective Studies , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the temporal trend and spatial behavior of leprosy in Brazil, from 2011 to 2021. Methods: This is an ecological study, with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, obtained in June 2022. The annual detection rate of new leprosy cases per 100 thousand inhabitants was calculated. To estimate the trend of the 2011-2019 and 2011-2021 series, the polynomial regression model was used, testing first-, second-, and third-order polynomials. For spatiality, natural breaks were used and, later, the univariate global and local Moran's indexes. A significance level of 5% was adopted and the analyses were performed using SPSS®, GeoDa®, and QGIS® software. Results: The findings indicated an upward trend in the incidence of leprosy in Brazilian regions and in 20 federative units between 2011 and 2019. However, there was a decrease in most of the country when considering the COVID-19 pandemic years. Spatiality showed that the highest detection rates throughout the period were observed in the North, Midwest, and Northeast regions, with high-risk clusters, and the lowest detection rates in the South and Southeast regions, with low-risk clusters. Conclusion: The leprosy detection rate showed an upward trend in Brazil between 2011 and 2019, with greater spatial concentration in the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions. Nevertheless, the study raises an alert for the programmatic sustainability of leprosy control in Brazil, considering the drop in the COVID-19 pandemic, presumably due to the influence of the reorganization of the development of initiatives and provision of services in face of COVID-19.
RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar a tendência temporal e o comportamento espacial da hanseníase no Brasil, de 2011 a 2021. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, obtidos em junho de 2022. Calculou-se a taxa de detecção anual de casos novos de hanseníase por 100 mil habitantes. Para estimar a tendência das séries 2011-2019 e 2011-2021, empregou-se o modelo de regressão polinomial, testando polinômios de primeira, segunda e terceira ordem. Para a espacialidade, utilizaram-se as quebras naturais e, posteriormente, as estatísticas univariadas de Moran global e local. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5% e as análises foram realizadas no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences — SPSS®, GeoDa® e QGIS®. Resultados: Os achados apontaram para a tendência crescente da incidência de hanseníase no Brasil, nas regiões e em 20 unidades da federação entre 2011 e 2019; contudo, houve decréscimo em grande parte do país ao se considerarem os anos pandêmicos. A espacialidade revelou que as maiores taxas de detecção, em todo o período, foram observadas nas Regiões Norte, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste, com clusters de alto risco, e as menores nas Regiões Sul e Sudeste, com aglomerados de baixo risco. Conclusão: A taxa de detecção da hanseníase apresentou tendência crescente no Brasil entre 2011 e 2019, com maior concentração espacial nas Regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. Entretanto, o estudo traz um alerta para a sustentabilidade programática do controle da hanseníase no Brasil, dada a queda evidenciada na pandemia, presumivelmente por influência da reorganização da oferta de ações e serviços anteposta àCOVID-19.
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Objetivo: compreender a percepção do parceiro sobre sua experiência e participação na assistência pré-natal e nascimento. Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa realizado com 26 pais abordados no período de outubro a novembro de 2020, mediante entrevistas por mídia digital áudio gravadas. Utilizada análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: emergiram três categorias as quais mostram que eles tiveram pouca participação nas consultas de pré-natal e que desconhecem o "pré-natal do parceiro". Em geral, demonstram gratidão pela assistência durante o parto, mas poucos relataram ter recebido informações relacionadas à educação em saúde. Considerações finais: os homens reconhecem que como pais, têm responsabilidade em acompanhar a assistência pré-natal, percebem os benefícios desta participação, mas não se sentem acolhidos e nem incentivados a participar e não têm suas necessidades de saúde consideradas, o que precisa ser revisto pelos profissionais de saúde, em especial o enfermeiro
Objective: to understand the partner's perception of their experience and participation in prenatal care and birth. Method: a qualitative study conducted with 26 parents approached from October to November 2020, through interviews by recorded digital audio media. Content analysis was used, thematic modality. Results: three categories emerged which show that they had little participation in prenatal consultations and are unaware of the "partner's prenatal". In general, they show gratitude for assistance during childbirth, but few reported having received information related to health education. Final considerations: men recognize that as parents, they have a responsibility to monitor prenatal care, realize the benefits of this participation, but do not feel welcomed or encouraged to participate and do not have their health needs considered, which needs to be reviewed by health professionals, especially nurses
Objetivo: comprender la percepción de la pareja sobre su experiencia y participación en la atención prenatal y el parto. Método: estudio cualitativo realizado con 26 padres abordados de octubre a noviembre de 2020, a través de entrevistas por medio de audio digital grabado. Se utilizó análisis de contenido, modalidad temática. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías que muestran que tuvieron poca participación en las consultas prenatales y desconocen el "prenatal de la pareja". En general, muestran gratitud por la asistencia durante el parto, pero pocos informaron haber recibido información relacionada con la educación para la salud. Consideraciones finales: los hombres reconocen que como padres, tienen la responsabilidad de acompañar el cuidado prenatal, se dan cuenta de los beneficios de esta participación, pero no se sienten bienvenidos ni animados a participar y no se tienen en cuenta sus necesidades de salud, lo que debe ser revisado. por profesionales de la salud, especialmente enfermeras
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Paternity , Prenatal Care/trends , Fathers , Perception , Professional-Patient Relations , Health Education , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento de estudantes de enfermagem de diferentes séries da graduação em relação ao HIV/aids e sífilis. Método: pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, desenvolvida com 65 acadêmicos de enfermagem de uma universidade do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por instrumento adaptado da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Aplicou-se teste de Kruskal-Wallis e da diferença mínima significativa de Fisher para a comparação. Resultados: houve diferença significativa do conhecimento entre as séries em aspectos específicos das infecções, como: janela imunológica do HIV, fisiopatologia da aids, modo de transmissão da sífilis, método indetectável = intransmissível do HIV e caracterização das fases da sífilis. Conclusão: a aquisição de saberes sobre HIV/aids e sífilis entre estudantes de enfermagem tende a evoluir ao longo da graduação, visto que as últimas séries apresentaram melhores escores. Todavia, o conhecimento prévio dos estudantes das séries iniciais ficou evidente e, por vezes, não se inferiorizou em relação às demais.
Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería de diferentes grados de pregrado en relación con el VIH/SIDA y la sífilis. Método: investigación descriptiva-exploratoria, desarrollada con 65 estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad del sur de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados por un instrumento adaptado de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se aplicó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la diferencia mínima significativa del pescador para la comparación. Resultados: hubo una diferencia significativa en el conocimiento entre las series en aspectos específicos de las infecciones, tales como: ventana inmunológica del VIH, fisiopatología del sida, modo de transmisión de la sífilis, método indetectable = intransferible del VIH y caracterización de las fases de sífilis. Conclusión: la adquisición de conocimientos sobre VIH/SIDA y sífilis entre los estudiantes de enfermería tiende a evolucionar a lo largo de la graduación, ya que los últimos grados presentaron mejores puntajes. Sin embargo, el conocimiento previo de los alumnos de las notas iniciales era evidente y, en ocasiones, no era inferior en relación a los demás.
Objective: to analyze the knowledge of nursing students from different undergraduate grades in relation to HIV/AIDS and syphilis. Method: descriptive-exploratory research, developed with 65 nursing students from a university in southern Brazil. Data were collected by an instrument adapted from the World Health Organization. Kruskal-Wallis test and fisher significant minimum difference was applied for comparison. Results: there was a significant difference in knowledge between the series in specific aspects of infections, such as: HIV immunological window, aids pathophysiology, mode of transmission of syphilis, undetectable method = non-transferable of HIV and characterization of syphilis phases. Conclusion: the acquisition of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and syphilis among nursing students tends to evolve throughout graduation, since the last grades presented better scores. However, the previous knowledge of the students of the initial grades was evident and, at times, it was not inferior in relation to the other ones.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Syphilis/nursing , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/nursing , Students, NursingABSTRACT
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo explanar sobre FoMO, ansiedade e mídias sociais, identificando categorias e variáveis envolvidas nesse contexto por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura do tipo exploratória, nos respectivos bancos de dados: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO e Lilacs, sendo utilizados, apenas, artigos empíricos publicados em língua portuguesa e inglesa dos últimos (10) dez anos. Conclui-se, assim, com bases nas bases utilizados nessa pesquisa, a partir de dados oficiais, que a personalidade é entendida como preditora do engajamento e uso problemático das mídias sociais, além disso, constata-se que a associação com o FoMO é direta, visto que tais traços provocarão a necessidade dos indivíduos de permanecer online e conectados, independentemente de qualquer custo ou consequência, gerando, desta forma, ansiedade.
Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo explicar sobre FoMO, ansiedad y medios sociales, identificando categorías y variables involucradas en ese contexto por medio de una revisión sistemática de literatura del tipo exploratoria, en los respectivos bancos de datos: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO y PsycINFO lilas y de segunda mano, solamente los artículos empíricos publicados en portugués e inglés los últimos diez (10) años. Se concluye, así, con bases en las bases utilizadas en esa investigación, a partir de datos oficiales, que la personalidad es entendida como predictora del compromiso y uso problemático de los medios sociales, además, se constata que la asociación con el FoMO es directa , ya que tales rasgos provocarán la necesidad de los individuos de permanecer conectados y conectados, independientemente de cualquier costo o consecuencia, generando así ansiedad
Abstract: The present work aims to explain FoMO, anxiety and social media, identifying categories and related variables through a systematic review of exploratory literature in the respective databases: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Lilacs, using only empirical articles published in Portuguese and English in the last 10 years. It is concluded, based on the databases used in this research, that the personality is understood as a predictor of the engagement and problematic use of social media, in addition, it is verified that the association with the FoMO is direct, since such traits provoke a need of the individuals to remain online and connected, independently of any cost or consequence, generating anxiety.
ABSTRACT
A Rede Cegonha tem como principais objetivos reduzir a mortalidade materna e infantil, dando atenção ao parto e ao nascimento, à mulher no puerpério e à criança na primeira infância. Entre os desafios colocados para a rede estão a necessidade de mudanças no modelo tecno-assistencial (que perpassam o modelo da formação em saúde) da atenção ao parto e ao nascimento, que ainda produz excesso de medicalização, banalização da cesárea, desrespeito aos direitos da mulher e da criança e cuidado diferenciado aos adolescentes e jovens. Desse modo, este artigo tem o objetivo de descrever e refletir sobre a experiência numa disciplina teórico-prática do curso de graduação em Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia junto à Rede Cegonha. Nesse sentido, se debruça sobre um relato de experiência, na perspectiva docente, baseado em relatórios discentes, de um componente curricular teórico- -prático sobre a Rede Cegonha no curso mencionado. Foram visitados diversos serviços que compõem a RC no município de Salvador, como serviços de gestão, atenção primária à saúde e serviços especializados. Além da contribuição na construção de uma perspectiva prática sobre a Rede Cegonha, as visitas técnicas contribuíram para que os estudantes em formação pudessem refletir quanto ao modelo de profissional que aspiram ser e de que forma podem contribuir para mudanças positivas como sujeitos nos serviços de saúde. As peculiaridades da Rede Cegonha demandam uma formação específica do profissional da saúde para a atuação neste dispositivo inovador, o que ainda representa um desafio para as diferentes profissões.
Rede Cegonha (RC) aims to reduce maternal and infant mortality, and to provide childbirth care, to women in the postpartum period and children during early childhood. Among the challenges posed to RC are the need for changes in the techno-assistential model (which goes beyond the health training model) of childbirth care, as it still leads to over-medicalization, trivialization of cesarean delivery, disrespect for women's rights and the care for adolescents and young people. The objective was to describe and reflect on the experience of a theoretical and practical discipline from the undergraduate course in Speech and Hearing Therapy at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), together with RC. This is an experience report of educational nature based on student reports relative to a theoretical-practical curricular component in RC. Several services constituting the CR in the city of Salvador were visited, such as management services, primary health care and specialized services. In addition to their contribution to training from the practical perspective of RC, the technical visits helped the students in training to reflect on the professional model they wish to achieve and how they can contribute to positive changes as individuals in health services. The peculiarities of the RC require specific training for health professionals to perform in this innovative device, which still represents a challenge for various professions.
La Red Cigüeña tiene como principales objetivos reducir la mortalidad materna e infantil brindando atención al parto y al nacimiento, a la mujer en el puerperio y al niño en la primera infancia. Entre los desafíos planteados a esta red, está la necesidad de cambios en el modelo tecno-asistencial (que atraviesan el modelo de la formación en salud) de la atención al parto y al nacimiento, que aún produce exceso de medicalización, banalización de la cesárea, irrespeto a los derechos de la mujer y del niño, y el cuidado diferenciado a los adolescentes y jóvenes. Este estudio objetivó describir y reflexionar sobre la experiencia en una disciplina teórico-práctica del curso de graduación en Fonoaudiología de la Universidad Federal da Bahia junto a la Red Cigüeña. El presente trabajo es un relato de experiencia desde la perspectiva docente basándose en los informes de los estudiantes acerca de la Red Cigüeña para un componente curricular teóricopráctico en el mencionado curso. Se visitó diversos servicios que componen la red en el municipio de Salvador, como servicios de gestión, atención primaria de salud y servicios especializados. Además de la contribución en la formación sobre una perspectiva práctica de la Red Cigüeña, las visitas técnicas contribuyeron a que los estudiantes en formación pudieran reflexionar sobre el modelo de profesional a que aspiran y de qué forma pueden contribuir a cambios positivos como sujetos en los servicios de salud. Las peculiaridades de la Red Cigüeña demandan una formación específica del profesional de la salud para la actuación en este dispositivo innovador, lo que todavía representa un desafío para las diferentes profesiones.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Primary Health Care , Maternal and Child Health , Health Personnel/education , Maternal-Child Health Services , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/education , Unified Health System , Family HealthABSTRACT
Com o propósito de fortalecer a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil, o Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) foi criado em 2013, estruturado em três eixos estratégicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a produção científica no PMM, identificando a relevância dos estudos e seus efeitos para a política e elaborando uma síntese dos principais temas. A busca foi realizada no Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e na Plataforma de Conhecimento do PMM, sendo identificados 409 documentos. Após critérios de exclusão, selecionaram-se 47 artigos científicos. Os resultados mostraram que 55% dos estudos debruçaram-se sobre o eixo 'provisão emergencial de médicos', 32% apresentavam apreciações gerais da política, 4% trataram do provimento/infraestrutura e apenas 9% trataram da formação. Dos artigos selecionados, 22 foram considerados de alta e média relevância. Ademais, 32 publicações identificaram efeitos do PMM (29 identificaram efeitos positivos; e, em apenas 3, efeitos positivos e negativos foram equivalentes). Na análise temática, apareceram como destaque: equidade, eficácia, treinamento profissional, implementação do PMM, práticas e processos de trabalho, abordagem midiática e análise política do PMM. De natureza extensiva, as análises apontaram pistas sobre a direcionalidade do Programa, suas fragilidades e necessidades que se impõem para uma agenda de pesquisa para os próximos anos.(AU)
With the purpose of strengthening Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil, the More Doctors Program (PMM) was created in 2013, structured around three strategic axes. This study aimed to analyze the scientific production in the PMM, identifying the relevance of the studies and their effects to the policy and elaborating a synthesis of the main themes. The search was carried out in the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and in the Knowledge Platform of the PMM, with 409 documents being identified. After exclusion criteria, 47 scientific articles were selected. The results showed that 55% of studies focused on the 'emergency doctors provision' axis, 32% presented general policy assessments, 4% focused on provision/infrastructure and only 9% focused on training. Of the articles selected, 22 were considered of high and medium relevance. Furthermore, 32 publications identified the effects of the PMM (29 identified positive effects; and, in only 3, positive and negative effects were equivalent). In the thematic analysis, the following stand out: equity, efficacy, professional training, PMM implementation, work practices and processes, media approach and PMM political analysis. Of an extensive nature, the analyzes pointed out clues about the directionality of the Program, its weaknesses and needs that are required for a research agenda for the coming years.(AU)
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Health Evaluation , Program Evaluation/methods , National Health Programs , BrazilABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of goji berry fruit-based pharmaceutical powders obtained from three pharmaceutical laboratories. The product A was tested at concentrations of 0.012; 0.025 and 0.05 g mL-1, and B and C at concentrations 0.02; 0.04 and 0.08 g mL-1. It was also evaluated the tea of the dried goji berry fruit (non-additives) in the concentrations 0.035; 0.07 and 0.14 g mL-1 for comparison to the results obtained with powdered goji berry. Tea concentrations in the two exposure times did not cause inhibition of cell division nor cellular alterations to meristem tissues. For the industrialized goji products, all concentrations analyzed caused significant antiproliferative effect to the tissues evaluated at the shortest time of analysis. There were no significant cellular changes in tissues exposed to industrialized goji. Therefore, under the conditions of analysis, goji berry powder, at the three concentrations evaluated, was cytotoxic to root meristems.
Objetivou-se na presente pesquisa avaliar, em células meristemáticas de raízes de A. cepa, nos tempos de exposição 24 e 48 horas, o potencial citotóxico e genotóxico de produtos farmacêuticos do fruto goji berry em pó, provenientes de três laboratórios farmacêuticos. O produto A foi avaliado nas concentrações 0,012; 0,025 e 0,05 g mL-1, e B e C nas concentrações 0,02; 0,04 e 0,08 g mL-1. Avaliou-se também o chá do fruto seco de goji (não aditivado), nas concentrações 0,035; 0,07 e 0,14 g mL-1, para comparação com os resultados obtidos do fruto em pó. Verificou-se que o chá nas concentrações avaliadas, nos dois tempos de exposição estabelecidos, não ocasionaram inibição da divisão celular e nem alterações celulares aos meristemas de raízes. Para os goji industrializados, todas as concentrações analisadas causaram efeito antiproliferativo significativo aos tecidos avaliados logo no menor tempo de análise considerado. Nenhum dos produtos industrializados causou número significativo de alterações aos meristemas analisados. Assim, os goji em pó foram citotóxicos ao bioensaio utilizado por terem acarretado relevante instabilidade genética aos meristemas de raízes.
Subject(s)
Lycium/cytology , Lycium/genetics , Lycium/toxicity , MeristemABSTRACT
Objetivo: Objetivo: Analisar as concepções dos docentes dos Cursos de Fonoaudiologia da Bahia sobre Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e investigar suas práticas pedagógicas relacionadas ao tema. Métodos: estudo de caso, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e análise dos currículos. A análise de conteúdo ocorreu a partir de categorias pré-definidas e categorias que emergiram das respostas coletadas. Resultados: de maneira geral, o estudo mostrou que os sujeitos têm pouco tempo de docência em Saúde Coletiva (SC), com formação acadêmico-profissional apresentando restrita relação com a área, quando comparada às áreas clínicas especializadas, podendo ocasionar dificuldades no desenvolvimento de práticas na APS. Apresentaram fragilidades quanto à concepção da APS, abordando com maior frequência os atributos, acesso e integralidade em detrimento da longitudinalidade e coordenação do cuidado, sugestivo da necessidade de maior aproximação da Fonoaudiologia à APS. Quanto à prática docente, percebeu-se um diálogo inconsistente das ações com os atributos da APS. Conclusões: há desafios quanto ao ensino da APS referentes às concepções e práticas pedagógicas nos cursos de Fonoaudiologia da Bahia. Observa-se fragilidade na apropriação teórica e pedagógica para a efetivação de mudanças no processo ensino-aprendizagem.
Objective: To analyze the conceptions of the teachers of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology courses of Bahia state regarding Primary Health Care (PHC) and investigate their teaching practices related to the topic. Methods: A case study with quantitative and qualitative approach. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysis of the lattes platform resume. The analysis of content information was carried out through quantitative description of the teachers' profile and qualitative from pre-defined categories and categories that emerged from the responses collected. Results: In general, the study showed that the subjects have little time teaching in Collective Health (CH), with the academic and professional education with restricted relationship with this presenting area when compared to specialized clinical areas, which may cause difficulties in the development of practices in PHC. The teachers showed weak points on the conception of the PHC, addressing most frequently to attributes such as access and completeness over longitudinality and care coordination, which is suggestive of recent relation of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology and PH. As for the teaching practice, it was perceived actions that do not interact with the attributes of the PHC. Conclusions: There are challenges regarding the teaching of PHC mostly related to the concepts and pedagogical practices in the Speech Language Pathology and Audiology courses of Bahia. It's observed incipient theoretical and pedagogical appropriation for effective changes in the teaching-learning process.
Objetivo: analizar las concepciones de los profesores de los cursos de Fonoaudiología en Bahia sobre Atención Primaria a la Salud (APS) e investigar sus prácticas pedagógicas relacionadas con el tema. Métodos: estudio de caso con abordaje cuanti-cualitativa. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y análisis de currículos. El análisis de contenido se llevo a cabo a partir de categorías pre-definidas y categorías que emergieron de las respuestas recogidas. Resultados: En general, el estudio ha mostrado que los sujetos tienen poco tiempo de docencia en Salud Colectiva (SC), con formación académica y profesional de restricta relación con el área, cuando comparada a las áreas clínicas especializadas, lo que pueden causar dificultades en el desarrollo de las prácticas en APS. Presentaron fragilidades en cuanto a la concepción de APS, abordando con mayor frecuencia a los atributos, acceso e integridad en detrimento de la longitudinalidad y la coordinación de la atención, sugestivo de la necesidad de mayor acercamiento de la Fonoaudiología a la APS. En cuanto a la práctica docente, se percibió un diálogo inconsistente de las acciones con los atributos de la APS. Conclusiones: Existen desafíos con respecto a la enseñanza de la APS en relación a las concepciónes y prácticas pedagógicas en los cursos de Fonoaudiología en Bahia. Se observa fragilidad en la apropiación teórica y pedagógica para poder efectuar cambios en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Primary Health Care , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Staff Development , Unified Health SystemABSTRACT
Euglossini are typical bees of Neotropical rainforests and only a few species occur in the Caatinga. The São Francisco river, which is the only permanent river in the semi-arid NE-Brazil, is bordered by a gallery forest with evergreen leaves. This environment offers flooral rewards along the year. Surveys of euglossine bees by attracting males to scent baits showed that species of the Atlantic Rainforest like Euglossa imperialis Cockerel, E. truncata Moure and Eulaema cingulata Fabricius occur in the gallery forest of the São Francisco river under the semi-arid climate of the caatinga region. These bees are restricted to the gallery forests which function as bio-corridors, and are absent at places where the forests were cut down. This emphasizes the need to protect the threatened gallery forests to maintain biodiversity.
Subject(s)
Bees , Animals , Brazil , Demography , Rivers , TreesABSTRACT
Euglossini são abelhas típicas de florestas Neotropicais úmidas e poucas espécies ocorrem na caatinga. O rio São Francisco, o único perene do semi-árido brasileiro, é margeado por mata ciliar perenifólia. Esse ambiente oferece recursos florais ao longo do ano. Inventários de Euglossini mostraram que espécies da Floresta Atlântica como Euglossa imperialis Cockerel, E. truncata Moure e Eulaema cingulata Fabricius ocorrem na mata ciliar do rio São Francisco. Estas abelhas são restritas às matas ciliares que funcionam como biocorredores, sendo ausentes em locais onde as matas foram derrubadas. Isto enfatiza a necessidade de proteção das matas ciliares para a manutenção da biodiversidade.
Euglossini are typical bees of Neotropical rainforests and only a few species occur in the Caatinga. The São Francisco river, which is the only permanent river in the semi-arid NE-Brazil, is bordered by a gallery forest with evergreen leaves. This environment offers flooral rewards along the year. Surveys of euglossine bees by attracting males to scent baits showed that species of the Atlantic Rainforest like Euglossa imperialis Cockerel, E. truncata Moure and Eulaema cingulata Fabricius occur in the gallery forest of the São Francisco river under the semi-arid climate of the caatinga region. These bees are restricted to the gallery forests which function as bio-corridors, and are absent at places where the forests were cut down. This emphasizes the need to protect the threatened gallery forests to maintain biodiversity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bees , Brazil , Demography , Rivers , TreesABSTRACT
This study was carried out to depict the feeding habits of children assisted by the public health services in the city of Teresina-PI in their first year of life. The data were collected from April to August 2001 in the three biggest infant health centers. During the interview with a nutritionist, a form with the identification data was filled out. The children's feeding habits were surveyed with the their mothers or people responsible for them through a form in which there was a list of the most frequently consumed foods in the first year of life. For each kind of food listed, the answer concerning the consumption was "yes" or "no". The results showed that the period of exclusive breastfeeding was very short. Water and teas with sugar were introduced into the children's feeding at a very early age. About 30.4% of the infants started having suchdrinks before the age of one month, but the first step to the weaning process came out with the introduction of cow's milk. The study showed that 66.6% of the infants were fed with cow's milk before the fourth month of age, where as other foods like fruit juices and vegetables were also offered. Nevertheless, the prevalence of breastfeeding was significantly bigger than that verified among infants assisted in other public health centers in Brazil. The results allow to conclude that the introduction of other kinds of milk and other non-dairy foods in the children's diet occurred at a very early age in the population studied. Also, it was concluded that the prevalence of anemia was high among infants in the first six months of life, (Hb<11,0g/dL), and bigger among those feeding only cow's milk or human milk together with cow's milk
Este estudio describe la práctica alimenticia en niños de 0 a 12 meses de edad atendidos por la red de salud de la municipalidad de Teresina-PI.La investigación fue realizada entre Abril y Agosto de 2001, en los tres principales locales de atención infantil. Los datos de identificación de los niños fueron cogidos por el nutricionista en el consultorio de lactancia materna. La práctica alimenticia fue registrada por los investigadores por medio de un cuestionario, en entrevista con las madres o responsables. El cuestionario contenía los alimentos más comunes durante el primer año de vida y la respuesta al consumo era "si" o "no". Los resultados indican que la lactancia materna exclusiva es corta, prematuramente pasó a ser complementado con agua y te azucarados. Aproximadamente 30,4% de los niños comenzaban esta práctica antes de completar un mes de vida, pero el primer paso para el destetese dio con la introducción de leche de vaca. El estudio muestra que 66,6% de los niños recibió leche de vaca antes del cuarto mes de vida, con ofrecimiento simultáneo de otros alimentos como jugos, frutas y legumbres. Si bien la lactancia materna fue significativamente mayor que la observada en otros servicios públicos de salud de Brasil, los resultados muestran que todavía la introducción de otras leches y de alimentos no lácteos ocurre prematuramente en la población examinada. Se concluye también una prevalencia elevada de anemia en niños menores de seis meses (Hb<11,0 g/dL), la cual es mayor entre los que ingieren leche de vaca como único alimento lácteo o alternado con lactancia materna
Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar a prática alimentar em crianças com idades entre zero e 12 meses, atendidas pela rede pública de saúde em Teresina, PI. Os dados foram coletados, no período de abril a agosto de 2001, nos três maiores centros de atendimento à criança. Os dados de identificação foram preenchidos durante o atendimento do nutricionista, no Consultório de Aleitamento Materno. A prática alimentar, no momento da entrevista com as mães ou responsáveis, foi obtida por meio de formulário preenchido pelos pesquisadores. No formulário, constavam os alimentos mais utilizados no primeiro ano devida. Para cada alimento listado, a resposta quanto ao consumo foi "sim" ou "não". Os resultados indicaram que a duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo foi curta. Muito precocemente, o aleitamento exclusivo passou a predominante com a oferta de água e chás adoçados. Aproximadamente 30,4% das crianças iniciaram essa prática antes de completar um mês de vida, porém, o primeiro passo para o desmame ocorreu com a introdução do leite de vaca. O estudo mostrou que 66,6% das crianças receberam leite de vaca antes dos quatro meses de idade, considerando-se que outros alimentos, como sucos, frutas e legumes também foram oferecidos. Mesmo assim, a prevalência de aleitamento materno foi significativamente maior do que a encontrada entre lactentes atendidos em outros serviços públicos de saúde do Brasil. Os resultados permitem concluir que a introdução de outros leites e de alimentos não lácteos no esquema alimentar ocorreu precocemente na amostra estudada. Também, pode-se concluir que a prevalência de anemia foi elevada entre as crianças menores de 6 meses (Hb<11,0g/dL) e maior entre as que ingeriam leite de vaca como único alimento lácteo, ou que estavam em aleitamento misto (leite materno e leite de vaca)
