ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to select morphoagronomic descriptors to characterize cassava accessions representative of Eastern Brazilian Amazonia. It was characterized 262 accessions using 21 qualitative descriptors. The multiple-correspondence analysis (MCA) technique was applied using the criteria: contribution of the descriptor in the last factorial axis of analysis in successive cycles (SMCA); reverse order of the descriptor's contribution in the last factorial axis of analysis with all descriptors ('O'´p') of Jolliffe's method; mean of the contribution orders of the descriptor in the first three factorial axes in the analysis with all descriptors ('Os') together with ('O'´p'); and order of contribution of weighted mean in the first three factorial axes in the analysis of all descriptors ('Oz'). The dissimilarity coefficient was measured by the method of multicategorical variables. The correlation among the matrix generated with all descriptors and matrices based on each criteria varied (r = 0.21, r = 0.97, r = 0.98, r = 0.13 for SMCA, 'Os', 'Oz' and 'O'´p', respectively). The least informative descriptors were discarded independently and according to both 'Os' and 'Oz' criteria. Thirteen descriptors were capable to discriminate the accessions and to represent the morphological variability of accessions sampled in Brazilian Eastern Amazonia: color of apical leaves, petiole color, color of stem exterior, external color of storage root, color of stem cortex, color of root pulp, texture of root epidermis, color of leaf vein, color of stem epidermis, color of end branches of adult plant, branching habit, root shape, and constriction of root.
Subject(s)
Crops, Agricultural/genetics , Manihot/genetics , Quantitative Trait, Heritable , Brazil , Crops, Agricultural/growth & development , Manihot/growth & development , Models, GeneticABSTRACT
Native of the Amazon, the nanche (Byrsonima crassifolia) is a fruit cultivated by family farmers and used in cooking; as such, it represents an opportunity for regional agribusiness. The Embrapa Eastern Amazon set up an active germplasm bank (BAG) consisting of 22 accessions sampled in 11 municipalities of Pará State. Due to its economic potential, there is an interest to advance the genetic breeding program of this species. The aim of this study was to characterize the BAG nanche collection using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Accessions were genotyped using 23 pre-selected ISSR primers resulting in 109 amplified polymorphic and 51 monomorphic bands. With eight polymorphic bands each, the most polymorphic primers were UBC 809 and UBC 848. An unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average cluster analysis based on Jaccard's coefficient indicated that the individuals clustered into two distinct groups. Accessions Igarapé Açu-2 and Augusto Corrêa-Pl 1 were most similar. The genetic dissimilarity values ranged from 0.10 to 0.59. We conclude that the ISSR markers were efficient in detecting polymorphisms in the nanche accessions, and that it is possible to infer the genetic variability among accessions of the collection. This demonstrate the importance of using molecular markers in poorly studied species and the advantages that this information can bring to the genetic improvement of such species.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Malpighiaceae/genetics , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Seeds/genetics , Ecotype , Genetic Markers , Geography , Phylogeny , Polymorphism, Genetic , TemperatureABSTRACT
Oenocarpus mapora is an Amazonian palm species commonly used by native populations for food and in folk medicine. We measured genetic variability, using RAPD markers, of material kept in a germplasm bank composed of accessions sampled from the Brazilian Amazon. These included 74 individuals from 23 accessions sampled from 9 localities in three States of the Brazilian Amazon. Jaccard genetic similarities were calculated based on 137 polymorphic bands, amplified by 15 primers. Dendrograms constructed based on the genetic similarities among individuals and sample localities demonstrated genetic separation of Acre State from the States of Amazonas and Pará. Two models in three hierarchical levels were considered for AMOVA: one considering the grouping of sampling sites in each state, and the other considering sampling sites in each subgroup formed by the dendrograms. The first model showed no significant genetic variation among states. On the other hand, genetic variation among subgroups was significant. In this model, the within-sample-site genetic diversity was 47.15%, which is considered to be low, since O. mapora is allogamous. By means of Bayesian analysis, the sample sites were clustered into five groups, and their distribution was similar to what we found in the dendrograms based on genetic similarity.
Subject(s)
Arecaceae/genetics , Biological Specimen Banks , Genetic Variation , Seeds/genetics , Brazil , Cluster Analysis , Ecotype , Genotype , Geography , Models, Genetic , Phylogeny , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of congenital syphilis among newborns at the maternity of a public hospital. METHODS: The study was conducted at the maternity of Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará, from May to September 1996; 361 mothers were interviewed, and physical examination was performed in their newborns. Serum samples from both, mothers and neonates, were tested using three methods: VDRL, FTA - Abs, ELISA IgM. The diagnosis of congenital syphilis was established according to the criteria defined by Ministério da Saúde in 1993. RESULTS: The rate of congenital syphilis was of 9.1% (33); in 14 cases, there were one or more signs of the disease: prematurity, hepatomegaly, stillbirth, splenomegaly, perinatal death, abdominal distention, nasal stuffiness, jaundice, newborn small for gestational age. The majority of the infected mothers belonged to the age group of 20-35 years (81.8%); 60.6% were married; 63.6% received prenatal care; 48.5% reported previous spontaneous abortion, and 12.1% previous stillbirth. The rate of bisexuality among fathers was of 9.1%. CONCLUSION: The syphilis control measures and the prenatal care, have not been sufficient to prevent the high rate of the disease.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the time of total and partial weaning as well as the alleged causes for precocious weaning of infants seen at the outpatient unit. METHODS: 259 mothers of children aged 12-24 months were interviewed at the Pediatric Outpatient Unity of Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará. RESULTS: It was verified that only 3.9 % of the children received cow milk (artificial formula) during the neonatal period. Nevertheless, 62.9 % of the babies received tea and/or water at the first month of life. The most frequent reasons to give them tea or water were colics, flatulation and babies thirst. Only 18.5 % of the infants were completely weaned in the first six months of life; 62.6 % of them were breastfed during 12 or more months. There was a significant improvement in the duration of breastfeeding as compared with a previous study conducted 10 years earlier in the same unity. The most frequent justifications mothers gave for total weaning in the first semester were "the child refused the breast" and "the breast dried out". CONCLUSION: Despite the favorable results concerning the duration of breastfeeding, efforts to encourage it must continue above all to avoid early use of tea and/or water.
ABSTRACT
Entrevistas realizadas junto a pacientes internadas na Maternidade do Hospital da Santa Casa de Misericordia do Para distribuidas em dois grupos. Grupo I - antes e Grupo II - durante a Campanha Nacional de Incentivo ao Aleitamento ao Seio, permitiram verificar que 54,9% das maes do grupo I e 73,3% do grupo II referiram ser o leite humano o melhor para o seu filho, diferenca que parece ter sido resultante da campanha. Quanto ao valor do colostro apenas 25% das respostas em ambos os grupos tiveram conotacao positiva
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Feeding , BrazilABSTRACT
E descrito caso de calazar em crianca com 15 meses de idade, que sempre residiu na Ilha de Marajo - Para.Chama-se atencao para o reaparecimento da doenca nesse Estad
Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Male , Leishmaniasis, VisceralABSTRACT
Relato de um caso clinico de criptococose em sua forma sistemica, diagnostico em Belem do Para - Servico do Prof. Abelardo Santos (Clinica Pediatrica da UFPA), com a participacao do Instituto Evandro Chagas atencao o fato de que o paciente era uma crianca muito pequena, o que e pouco comum A importancia da pesquisa do Criptococcus neoformans em casos de meningoencefalite de etiologia imprecisa foi tambem ressaltada, bem como a resposta terapeutica com o emprego da Anfotericina B, e o controle clinico e laboratorial ate tres meses apos a alta
