ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of game-based karate training on learning basic karate skills and karate children's interest in physical activity. The statistical population of this research included all 6 to 8-year-old female karate players in Sowmeh Sara city, Iran and twenty subjects were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups of 10. The experimental group practiced game-based karate training for eight weeks. The training program was designed based on the principles of the Fundamental stage of the Canadian model of long-term development of athletes (LTAD) for karate sport. Physical activity enjoyment scale in children was used to measure children's interest in physical activity and karate yellow belt test was used for measurement of learning basic karate tasks. ANCOVA test was used for data analysis using SPSS 24 software at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the learning of basic karate skills, but a significant effect was seen in the enjoyment of children in the experimental group for physical activity (sig<0.001). Therefore, game-based karate training can help children learn basic karate skills as much as the traditional method, and also increase their enjoyment in physical activity more effectively.
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do treinamento de caratê baseado em jogos na aprendizagem de habilidades básicas de caratê e no interesse das crianças pelo esporte. A população estatística desta pesquisa incluiu todas as jogadoras de caratê do sexo feminino, com idades entre 6 e 8 anos, na cidade de Sowmeh Sara, Irã, e vinte participantes foram selecionados aleatoriamente e divididos em dois grupos experimentais e de controle, com 10 em cada grupo. O grupo experimental praticou o treinamento de caratê baseado em jogos por oito semanas. O programa de treinamento foi projetado com base nos princípios da fase fundamental do modelo canadense de desenvolvimento de longo prazo de atletas (LTAD) para o esporte de caratê. A Escala de Desfrute da Atividade Física em Crianças foi utilizada para medir o interesse das crianças na atividade física, e o teste da faixa amarela de caratê foi usado para medir a aprendizagem de tarefas básicas de caratê. O teste ANCOVA foi utilizado para a análise de dados, utilizando o software SPSS 24, com um nível de significância de 0,05. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa na aprendizagem de habilidades básicas de caratê, mas um efeito significativo foi observado no desfrute das crianças no grupo experimental em relação à atividade física (sig<0,001). Portanto, pode-se concluir que o treinamento de caratê baseado em jogos pode ajudar as crianças a aprender habilidades básicas de caratê tanto quanto o método tradicional e também aumentar seu desfrute na atividade física de maneira mais eficaz.
ABSTRACT
Spodoptera littoralis is a highly polyphagous pest that attacks numerous important crops in the world and causes substantial economic losses to agricultural production. In the present study, the effects of different leafy vegetables, including Purslane, Chives, Parsley, Basil, Dill, Coriander, and Mint, were investigated on feeding responses and enzymatic activities of S. littoralis under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the total contents of the three major secondary metabolites (phenolics, anthocyanins, and flavonoids) in the studied vegetables were determined. Our findings showed that the lowest and the highest approximate digestibility were on Basil and Purslane, respectively. The highest values of efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food were achieved in larvae fed on Chives and Coriander, respectively, whereas the lowest values were recorded after feeding on Purslane. The highest and lowest relative growth rates were in larvae reared on Dill and Purslane, respectively. Furthermore, the highest amylolytic and proteolytic activities were in larvae fed with Coriander and Dill, respectively, while the lowest activities of these enzymes were on Purslane. In addition, correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between feeding characteristics and enzymatic activity of S. littoralis with biochemical compounds of the studied leafy vegetables. Our results suggest that Coriander is a suitable host, while Purslane displayed tolerance traits against S. littoralis, which can be used in sustainable management programs aiming to reduce chemical inputs.
