ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: According to World Health Organization (WHO) reports, the prevalence of smoking is increasing in many developing countries, including Egypt. The aim of this study is to summarize the published data in the literature about tobacco smoking in Egypt. METHODS: A computerized literature search of PubMed and relevant Egyptian journals was conducted using the relevant keywords. The findings of retrieved studies were extracted and discussed in a narrative approach. RESULTS: Our search retrieved 44 relevant studies. The most updated prevalence of tobacco smoking in Egypt is 22% in 2010 and is increasing. Highly significant odds ratios were reported for sibling, parent, and peer smoking as risk factors for smoking. Cardiovascular disorders, malignant tumors, and erectile dysfunction are common complications of smoking in the Egyptian population. Efforts to control tobacco smoking are available, but inadequate. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking is a prevalent health problem in Egypt, associated with cardiovascular disorders and malignant tumors. Health education programmes should be delivered through mass media and school-based programmes to reach a large section of the Egyptian population.
Subject(s)
Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Attitude of Health Personnel , Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced , Egypt/epidemiology , Family/psychology , Government Regulation , Health Education/organization & administration , Health Policy , Humans , Mass Media , Neoplasms/chemically induced , Peer Group , Prevalence , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/chemically induced , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Smoking/trends , Smoking Cessation/methods , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Smoking Water Pipes/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco, Smokeless/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Background: According to World Health Organization [WHO] reports, the prevalence of smoking is increasing in many developing countries, including Egypt. The aim of this study is to summarize the published data in the literature about tobacco smoking in Egypt. Methods: A computerized literature search of PubMed and relevant Egyptian journals was conducted using the relevant keywords. The findings of retrieved studies were extracted and discussed in a narrative approach. Results: Our search retrieved 44 relevant studies. The most updated prevalence of tobacco smoking in Egypt is 22% in 2010 and is increasing. Highly significant odds ratios were reported for sibling, parent, and peer smoking as risk factors for smoking. Cardiovascular disorders, malignant tumors, and erectile dysfunction are common complications of smoking in the Egyptian population. Efforts to control tobacco smoking are available, but inadequate. Conclusions: Tobacco smoking is a prevalent health problem in Egypt, associated with cardiovascular disorders and malignant tumors. Health education programmes should be delivered through mass media and school-based programmes to reach a large section of the Egyptian population
Contexte : Selon les rapports de l'OMS, la prévalence du tabagisme est en augmentation dans de nombreux pays en développement, dont l'Égypte. La présente étude avait pour objectif de synthétiser l'ensemble des données publiées dans la littérature sur le tabagisme en Égypte. Méthodes : Une recherche documentaire sur ordinateur dans PubMed et d'autres revues égyptiennes pertinentes a été effectuée à l'aide de mots-clés. Les résultats des études extraites ont été compilés et discutés. Résultats : Notre recherche a permis d'extraire 44 études pertinentes. Des odds ratios hautement significatifs ont été rapportés pour le fait d'avoir des frères et sœurs, des parents et des amis fumeurs en tant que facteurs de risque. Les troubles cardio-vasculaires, les tumeurs malignes, et les dysfonctionnements érectiles sont des complications courantes du tabagisme dans la population égyptienne. Des mesures pour lutter contre le tabagisme sont disponibles, mais ne sont pas adaptées. Conclusions : Le tabagisme constitue un problème de santé prévalent en Égypte, associé aux troubles cardio-vasculaires et aux tumeurs malignes. Une éducation sanitaire devrait être dispensée à travers les médias de masse et dans le cadre de programmes menés dans les écoles afin d'atteindre une frange importante de la population égyptienne
معلومات أساسية: تشير تقارير منظمة الصحة العالمية إلى تزايد معدل انتشار التدخين في كثير من البلدان النامية، بما فيها مصر. وتهدف هذه الدراسةإلى تلخيص جميع البيانات المنشورة في الدراسات السابقة حول تدخين التبغ في مصر.والمجلات المصرية ذات الصلة باستخدام الكلمات PubMed طرق البحث: أُجري بحث باستخدام الحاسوب في الدراسات السابقة في موقعالرئيسية في هذا المجال. واستخلصت نتائج الدراسات المستخرجة ونوقشت بأسلوب سردي.النتائج: اعتمد البحث الذي أجريناه على 44 دراسة ذات صلة. وتبيّ وجود نسب أرجحية كبيرة للغاية لتدخين الأشقاء والآباء والأقران باعتبارهاعوامل خطر للتدخين. وتعدّ الاضطرابات القلبية الوعائية والأورام الخبيثة واضطراب الانتصاب من المضاعفات الشائعة للتدخين بين المصريين.وثمة جهود حالية لمكافحة تدخين التبغ، لكنها ليست كافية.الاستنتاجات: يمثل تدخين التبغ مشكلة صحية واسعة الانتشار في مصر، ترتبط بالاضطرابات القلبية الوعائية والأورام الخبيثة. وينبغي تقديمبرامج للتثقيف الصحي عبر وسائل الإعلام وفي المدارس للوصول إلى قطاع أوسع من المصريين
Subject(s)
Noncommunicable Diseases , Smoking , Tobacco Smoking , Risk Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases , Tobacco Use , Cross-Sectional Studies , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Pediculosis is a frequent public health problem. The pattern and prevalence of Pediculosis is dependent on many socio-demographic and economic factors. It is common in schoolchildren especially primary level; it may affect their learning performance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of head louse among primary students, in Fayoum and Bagor districts, and explore the predisposing factors of head louse infestation in both public and private schools. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted in two governorates: Fayoum and Minofiya governorates which represent upper and lower Egypt respectively during the academic year of 2012-2013. The students were selected from different grades with a total of 10,935 students. The prevalence of head lice in the study group was 16.7 %. The incidence was higher in public schools 20.7 % than private schools 9.04 % and in girls 25.8 % more than boys, especially covered hair girls 6.2 %. There was a socio-demographic influence of louse infestation on residence, presence of water supply, number of house rooms, and number of family member. It is concluded that head lice are a common childhood problem related to poor hygiene and socioeconomic status. There is a need for collaboration effort between family, school, community, and media, to create an environment that establishes healthy behaviors and health promotion.
