Children and young people's self-reported experiences of asthma and self-management nursing strategies: An integrative review.

AIM: To explore children and young people's (CYP) (5-24 years of age) self-reported experiences of asthma self-management strategies (ASMS) with nursing involvement across various settings. BACKGROUND: Childhood asthma is an increasingly significant health issue, highlighting the importance of acquiring self-management skills to optimise future health outcomes. Registered nurses play a pivotal role in delivering appropriate, personalized self-management support. METHODS: This integrative review searched four electronic databases: Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature via Elton B. Stephens Company, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Object, View and Interactive Design (OVID), and PubMed, that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis flowchart. Included studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Braun and Clarks thematic analysis was used to generate themes, and sub-themes. FINDINGS: Fifteen studies were included for review. Thematic analysis generated three themes being healthy literacy; health and wellbeing; and tools and working together. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma continues to have negative physical, psychological, and social implications among CYP. CYP are both willing and capable of engaging in ASMS and learning self-management skills, however, continue to have unmet self-management needs. IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE: Strategies must bolster health literacy, improve physical and psychological health, and harness interactive, youth-centric, and informative tools to facilitate communication and decrease the burden of self-management. Applications pose a promising avenue for self-management support. This age group remains under-explored and future research should enable meaningful engagement with CYP to better understand their perspectives and improve strategy success.

Predicted vitamin D status and colon cancer recurrence and mortality in CALGB 89803 (Alliance).

BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that higher levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) are associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer and improved survival of colorectal cancer patients. However, the influence of vitamin D status on cancer recurrence and survival of patients with stage III colon cancer is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively examined the influence of post-diagnosis predicted plasma 25(OH)D on outcome among 1016 patients with stage III colon cancer who were enrolled in a National Cancer Institute-sponsored adjuvant therapy trial (CALGB 89803). Predicted 25(OH)D scores were computed using validated regression models. We examined the influence of predicted 25(OH)D scores on cancer recurrence and mortality (disease-free survival; DFS) using Cox proportional hazards. RESULTS: Patients in the highest quintile of predicted 25(OH)D score had an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for colon cancer recurrence or mortality (DFS) of 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.86), compared with those in the lowest quintile (Ptrend = 0.005). Higher predicted 25(OH)D score was also associated with a significant improvement in recurrence-free survival and overall survival (Ptrend = 0.01 and 0.0004, respectively). The benefit associated with higher predicted 25(OH)D score appeared consistent across predictors of cancer outcome and strata of molecular tumor characteristics, including microsatellite instability and KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutation status. CONCLUSION: Higher predicted 25(OH)D levels after a diagnosis of stage III colon cancer may be associated with decreased recurrence and improved survival. Clinical trials assessing the benefit of vitamin D supplementation in the adjuvant setting are warranted. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00003835.

Gene expression profiling identifies responsive patients with cancer of unknown primary treated with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and everolimus: NCCTG N0871 (alliance).

BACKGROUND: Carboplatin (C) and paclitaxel (P) are standard treatments for carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP). Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, exhibits activity in diverse cancer types. We did a phase II trial combining everolimus with CP for CUP. We also evaluated whether a gene expression profiling (GEP) test that predicts tissue of origin (TOO) could identify responsive patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A tumor biopsy was required for central confirmation of CUP and GEP. Patients with metastatic, untreated CUP received everolimus (30 mg weekly) with P (200 mg/m(2)) and C (area under the curve 6) every 3 weeks. The primary end point was response rate (RR), with 22% needed for success. The GEP test categorized patients into two groups: those having a TOO where CP is versus is not considered standard therapy. RESULTS: Of 45 assessable patients, the RR was 36% (95% confidence interval 22% to 51%), which met criteria for success. Grade ≥3 toxicities were predominantly hematologic (80%). Adequate tissue for GEP was available in 38 patients and predicted 10 different TOOs. Patients with a TOO where platinum/taxane is a standard (n = 19) tended to have higher RR (53% versus 26%) and significantly longer PFS (6.4 versus 3.5 months) and OS (17.8 versus 8.3 months, P = 0.005), compared with patients (n = 19) with a TOO where platinum/taxane is not standard. CONCLUSIONS: Everolimus combined with CP demonstrated promising antitumor activity and an acceptable side-effect profile. A tumor biomarker identifying TOO may be useful to select CUP patients for specific antitumor regimens. CLINICALTRIALSGOV: NCT00936702.

QOL and Survival Comparisons by Race in Oncology Clinical Trials.

BACKGROUND: Significant efforts have been made to increase access and accrual to clinical trials for minority cancer patients (MP). This meta-analysis looked for differences in survival and baseline quality of life (QOL) between MP and non-minority cancer patients (NMP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Baseline QOL and overall survival times from 47 clinical trials (6513 patients) conducted at Mayo Clinic Cancer Center/North Central Cancer Treatment Group were utilized. Assessments included Uniscale, Linear Analogue Self Assessment, Symptom Distress Scale (SDS), Profile of Mood States and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General, each transformed into a 0-100 scale with higher scores indicating better outcomes. This transformation involves subtracting the lowest possible value from the assessment, dividing by the range of the scale (the maximum minus the minimum), and multiplying by 100. Analyses included Fisher's Exact tests, linear regression, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Eight percent of patients self-reported as MP (0.45% American Indian/Alaskan Native, 0.7% Asian, 5% Black/African American, 1.5% Hispanic, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and 0.3% Other). MP had no meaningful deficits relative to non-MP in overall QOL but were slightly worse on FACT-G total score, physical, social/family, functional, and SDS nausea severity. MP with lung, neurological or GI cancers had significantly worse mean scores in nausea (58 vs. 69), sleep problems (34 vs. 54); emotional (53 vs. 74); and social/family (60 vs. 67), respectively. Regression models confirmed these results. After adjusting for disease site, there were no significant differences in survival. CONCLUSION: MP on these clinical trials indicated small deficits in physical, social, and emotional subscales at baseline compared to NMP. Within cancer sites, MP experienced large deficits for selected QOL domains that bear further attention.

Lack of effect of coumarin in women with lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Lymphedema of the arms can be a serious consequence of local and regional therapy in women with breast cancer. Coumarin has been reported to be effective for the treatment of women with lymphedema; we undertook a study in which we attempted to replicate those findings. METHODS: We studied 140 women with chronic lymphedema of the ipsilateral arm after treatment for breast cancer. The women received 200 mg of oral coumarin or placebo twice daily for six months and then the other treatment for the following six months. The end points of the study consisted of the volume of the arm (calculated from measurements of hand and arm circumference) and the answers on a questionnaire completed by the patient about symptoms potentially related to lymphedema. RESULTS: The volumes of the arms at 6 and 12 months, were virtually identical, regardless of whether coumarin or placebo was given first. After six months, the average volume of the affected arm increased by 21 ml during placebo treatment and 58 ml during coumarin treatment (P=0.80). In addition, answers to patient-completed questionnaires were similar in the two treatment groups. After six months only 15 percent of the women in the coumarin group and 10 percent of those in the placebo group reported that the study medication had helped a moderate or large amount (P=0.19). Coumarin was well tolerated, except that it resulted in serologic evidence of liver toxicity in 6 percent of the women. CONCLUSIONS: Coumarin is not effective therapy for women who have lymphedema of the arm after treatment for breast cancer.