ABSTRACT
Sixty-two children undergoing cardiac surgery were surveyed for the presence of external jugular veins. When present, these were used as a route for central venous catheterisation using a 'J' wire Seldinger technique. Only 54% of attempted insertions were successful but the results support greater efficacy in older children.
Subject(s)
Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Jugular Veins , Adolescent , Catheterization, Central Venous/instrumentation , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
Three children who received patient-controlled analgesia for periods of up to 41 days are described. In each case patient-controlled analgesia allowed pain control to be achieved in difficult situations. No patient developed tolerance or clinical signs of dependence. This use of long-term patient-controlled analgesia warrants further evaluation.
Subject(s)
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled , Morphine/therapeutic use , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Child , Female , Humans , Long-Term Care , Male , Morphine/administration & dosage , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A randomised double-blind study was conducted to compare the influence on postoperative pain of equal volumes of one of two concentrations of bupivacaine (0.25%, 0.5%), or saline 0.9%, injected into the knee joint after arthroscopy. The results showed that intra-articular bupivacaine had no significant analgesic effect in either concentration. Plasma bupivacaine concentrations were measured 20 minutes after injection in order to determine the extent of systemic absorption.
