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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 31 Suppl 5: 56-66, 2015 May 07.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25938606

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease which has no cure, so the treatment will be symptomatic in a Multidisciplinary Unit. It is composed of professionals, experts in patient care, with an interdisciplinary vision in order to act in a coordinated manner depending on the different situations which may arise over the course of the disease. There are several studies showing improved survival in patients treated within the framework of a multidisciplinary team compared to treatment by isolated specialties. An ALS Multidisciplinary Unit was created in 2004 in the University Hospital of Bellvitge (HUB). It is composed of a neurologist, pulmonologist, nutritionist, endocrinologist, rehabilitation, physical therapist, psychologist, social worker, nurse manager, speech therapist and an administrative worker. To assess the impact of the multidisciplinary care of our program 418 patients diagnosed with ALS were evaluated, 84 patients who had been treated by general neurology and 334 who had been treated under a model of multidisciplinary care. Patients who were treated in the unit of multidisciplinary care had a median survival of 1246 days (IC 1109-1382), 104 days above the median 1148 days of those followed by a general neurology consultation (CI 998-1297). This difference was statistically significant (log-rank 10,8; p= 0.008). This benefit was independent of having received treatment with riluzole, non-invasive mechanical ventilation or percutaneous gastrostomy. Nutritional assessment was performed on the first visit and all subsequent controls. It is important to do anthropometric measurements and detect unintentional weight loss and its possible precipitating causes in order to establish the appropriate nutritional treatment. The exploration of dysphagia allows a determination of the appropriate dietary advice, the introduction of thickeners to adjust the texture of food or nutritional supplementation with high-calorie formulas to prevent or correct weight loss. If these measures are not sufficient or there is the risk of failure of respiratory function, early gastrostomy placement will be indicated. The analysis of 140 ALS patients (92 controls and 48 with radiologic percutaneous gastrostomy) showed no difference in mean survival time between groups (32 vs 33.9 months, log Rank 1.86 p=0.39). Any patient had major complications. Despite not find changes in survival, the use of gastrostomy should be understood as a treatment to improve the quality of life and well-being of the patient. Psychosocial support of the person and the family environment is essential to integrate all the changes and situations that arise in the course of the disease. This should start from diagnosis as early intervention contributes to improved training, preventing situations of deterioration and helping coping with the dependency process. It is also possible to use technology and social media to complement the classic care model. In the case of the HUB ALS Multidisciplinary Unit, affected individuals and their families have the resources of the Aula Paciente and ALS blog, created with the objective of providing opportunities for dialogue between patients, families and caregivers. The satisfaction degree of the patients with the care provided by the ALS Multidisciplinary Unit on service accessibility, information received and the quality of care was assessed globally as good in 52.8% or very good in 29, 2% of patients. CONCLUSION: Attention for the ALS affected person must be considered within the framework of a multidisciplinary team made up of all the professionals who go to intervene throughout the disease process in order to provide increased survival with the best care and quality of life.


Subject(s)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy , Nutrition Therapy/methods , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Family , Humans , Patient Satisfaction
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 31(supl.5): 56-66, mayo 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-140423

ABSTRACT

La Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que carece de tratamiento curativo por lo que el tratamiento será sintomático en Unidades Multidisciplinares. Éstas estarán compuestas por los profesionales expertos necesarios para la atención del enfermo con una visión interdisciplinar que actúe de una forma coordinada ante las diferentes situaciones que puedan surgir a lo largo de la evolución de la enfermedad. En este sentido existen diferentes estudios que demuestran una mayor supervivencia en los pacientes tratados en el marco de un equipo multidisciplinar comparado con el tratamiento por especialidades aisladas. En el Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge desde 2004 se ha creado una Unidad Multidisciplinar de ELA que integra neurólogo, neumólogo, nutricionista, endocrinólogo, rehabilitador, fisioterapeuta, psicólogo, trabajador social, enfermera gestora, logopeda, administrativo. Para evaluar el impacto de la atención multidisciplinar de nuestro programa se evaluaron 418 pacientes diagnosticados de ELA, 84 pacientes habían recibido atención por consultas de neurología general y 334 tratados bajo un modelo de atención multidisciplinar. Los pacientes que fueron tratados en la unidad de atención multidisciplinar tuvieron una mediana de supervivencia de 1246 días (IC 1109 - 1382), 104 días superior a la mediana de 1148 días de aquellos seguidos en la consulta de neurología general (IC 998 - 1297). Esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (log-rank10,8, p 0,008). Este beneficio fue independiente del hecho de haber recibido tratamiento con riluzole, ventilación mecánica no invasiva o gastrostomía percutánea. La valoración nutricional se realizará desde la primera visita y en todos los controles posteriores. Es importante realizar las medidas antropométricas y detectar la pérdida de peso involuntaria y las posibles causas desencadenantes para establecer el tratamiento nutricional adecuado. La exploración de la disfagia permite establecer el consejo dietético adecuado, la introducción de espesantes para adecuar la textura de los alimentos o la suplementación nutricional con fórmulas hipercalóricas para evitar o corregir la pérdida de peso. En el caso que estas medidas no sean suficientes o bien existe el riesgo de fracaso de la función respiratoria se indicará la colocación precoz de gastrostomía. El análisis de 140 pacientes con ELA (92 controles y 48 con gastrostomía radiológica percutánea), no mostró diferencias en el tiempo de supervivencia media entre los grupos (32 vs 33,9 meses, log Rank 1,86 p= 0,39). Ningún paciente presentó complicaciones mayores. A pesar de no evidenciar cambios en la supervivencia, el uso de la gastrostomía debe ser entendido como un tratamiento destinado a mejorar la calidad de vida y el bienestar del paciente. El apoyo psicosocial a la persona y al entorno familiar es fundamental para poder integrar todos los cambios y situaciones que surgirán en la evolución de la enfermedad. Debe iniciarse desde el diagnóstico ya que la atención temprana contribuye a su mejor formación, prevenir situaciones de deterioro y afrontar el proceso de dependencia. Además existe la posibilidad de utilizar la tecnología y las redes sociales para complementar el modelo asistencial clásico. En el caso concreto de la Unidad Funcional de ELA del HUB, las personas afectadas y sus familias cuentan con los recursos del Aula Paciente y el blog ELA, creados con el objetivo de ofrecer espacios de diálogo entre pacientes, familiares y cuidadores. El grado de satisfacción del paciente con la atención recibida por la Unidad Multidisciplinar de ELA sobre la accesibilidad al servicio, la información recibida y la calidad de la atención, globalmente fue valorada cómo buena en el 52,8% o muy buena en el 29,2 % de los pacientes. Conclusión: La atención a la persona afectada de ELA debe ser contemplada en el marco de un equipo multidisciplinar integrado por todos los profesionales que vayan a intervenir a lo largo del proceso de su enfermedad para ofrecer una mayor supervivencia con la mejor atención y calidad de vida (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diet therapy , Deglutition Disorders/diet therapy , Nutrition Assessment , Gastrostomy/rehabilitation , Patient Satisfaction , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Quality of Life , Sickness Impact Profile
3.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 17(3): 532-5, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21392452

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium caprae is a pathogen that can infect animals and humans. To better understand the epidemiology of M. caprae, we spoligotyped 791 animal isolates. Results suggest infection is widespread in Spain, affecting 6 domestic and wild animal species. The epidemiology is driven by infections in caprids, although the organism has emerged in cattle.


Subject(s)
Animals, Wild/microbiology , Goats/microbiology , Livestock/microbiology , Molecular Epidemiology , Mycobacterium/genetics , Tuberculosis/veterinary , Animals , Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods , Cattle/microbiology , Deer/microbiology , Foxes/microbiology , Mycobacterium/classification , Mycobacterium/isolation & purification , Oligonucleotides/analysis , Oligonucleotides/genetics , Spain/epidemiology , Sus scrofa/microbiology , Swine/microbiology , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/microbiology
4.
Vet Microbiol ; 141(1-2): 89-95, 2010 Feb 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19720476

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium bovis is the main causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. This zoonotic disease produces important economic losses and must be considered a threat to endangered animal species and public health. This study was performed (1) to assess the degree of diversity of the Spanish M. bovis isolates and its effect on the epidemiology of the infection, and (2) to understand the connection of M. bovis populations within a European context. In this report we resume the DVR-spoligotyping results of 6215 M. bovis isolates collected between 1992 and 2007 from different hosts. The isolates clustered into 252 spoligotypes which varied largely in frequency, geographical distribution and appearance in different animal species. In general, the most frequent spoligotypes were found all over the country and in different animal species, though some were restricted to a geographical area. Among our most often isolated spoligotypes, SB0121 and SB0120 (BCG-like) are a common feature between mainland European countries, however, the spoligotypes differ with those found in the UK, the Republic of Ireland and abroad. A comparison of spoligotypes reported from other countries reveals hints for the M. bovis demography in Europe and suggests a common ancestor strain. This study gives insight into the usefulness of the standardized DVR-spoligotyping technique for epidemiological studies in a country with a high degree of strain diversity.


Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Mycobacterium bovis/classification , Mycobacterium bovis/pathogenicity , Tuberculosis, Bovine/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Bovine/microbiology , Animals , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Cats , Cattle , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Dogs , Europe , Mycobacterium bovis/genetics , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification
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