ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN El diseño de las políticas de alimentación escolar incide en el perfil epidemiológico nutricional, OBJETIVOS Caracterizar el entorno alimentario y evaluar la calidad nutricional de las prestaciones alimentarias ofrecidas y la ingesta total (hogar y escuela) de energía y nutrientes críticos (grasas saturadas, sodio y azúcares agregados), MÉTODOS Se realizaron entrevistas y mediciones de las prestaciones alimentarias en una muestra de 50 escuelas pertenecientes a 5 jurisdicciones urbanas de Argentina. El estudio incluyó observación y registro de la oferta de alimentos en 24 kioscos escolares, encuestas sobre ingesta de energía y nutrientes críticos (recordatorios de 24 horas) y autorregistro de alimentos adquiridos en kioscos en una muestra de 811 escolares. RESULTADOS En el conjunto de la muestra, se observó una ingesta energética (mediana) de 1954 kcal. Un 28% del aporte promedio de energía y nutrientes críticos se origina en el comedor escolar, 12% en el kiosco y 69% en la dieta hogareña. Las mayores inadecuaciones de la dieta se concentran en las ingestas altas de kcal dispensables (97% de los escolares), azúcares agregados (79%) y grasas saturadas (74%). La dieta tiende a ser monótona, y las prestaciones escolares refuerzan (en lugar de atenuar) esa monotonía. El perfil de los alimentos adquiridos en los kioscos escolares es de una alta carga en azúcares agregados. No hay diferencias significativas entre las características del entorno alimentario escolar y los resultados de la calidad de la dieta. DISCUSIÓN Se identifican tres áreas de recomendaciones intervenciones de educación alimentaria con foco en las principales inadecuaciones de la dieta; rediseño de metas y contenidos de las prestaciones alimentarias; y regulación de la oferta de kioscos escolares para fomentar un mejor perfil nutricional, en especial por disminución de vehículos de azúcares agregados.
Subject(s)
School Feeding , Nutritional RequirementsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has several traditional risk factors (RF), and some of them are potentially modifiable. AIM: To determine the prevalence of most common risk factors in adult population in Talca in Central Chile. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 1007 subjects aged 18 to 74 years (66% women), living in Talca, selected by a probability sampling. They answered a questionnaire and anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid profile and blood glucose were measured. RESULTS: Thirty seven percent of subjects smoked, 70.1% had a body mass index over 25 kg/m(2) and 41% had an abnormally high circumference. High blood pressure was found in 37% (36% of these subjects were unaware of this condition), 44.5% had hypercholesterolemia, 21.5% had low HDL cholesterol, 40.1% had hypertriglyceridemia and 26.3% had high blood glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of risk factors for CVD in adult population from Talca. The prevalence of risk factors is higher than that reported by the 2003 National Health Survery.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Body Mass Index , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Smoking/epidemiology , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has several traditional risk factors (RF), and some of them are potentially modifiable. Aim: To determine the prevalence of most common risk factors in adult population in Talca in Central Chile. Subjects and methods: We studied 1007 subjects aged 18 to 74 years (66 percent women), living in Talca, selected by a probability sampling. They answered a questionnaire and anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid profile and blood glucose were measured. Results: Thirty seven percent of subjects smoked, 70.1 percent had a body mass index over 25 kg/m² and 41 percent had an abnormally high circumference. High blood pressure was found in 37 percent (36 percent of these subjects were unaware of this condition), 44.5 percent had hypercholesterolemia, 21.5 percent had low HDL cholesterol, 40.1 percent had hypertriglyceridemia and 26.3 percent had high blood glucose levels. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of risk factors for CVD in adult population from Talca. The prevalence of risk factors is higher than that reported by the 2003 National Health Survery.