ABSTRACT
Despite the worldwide popularity of running as a sport for children, relatively little is known about its impact on injury and illness. Available studies have focused on adolescent athletes, but these findings may not be applicable to preadolescent and pubescent athletes. To date, there are no evidence or consensus-based guidelines identifying risk factors for injury and illness in youth runners, and current recommendations regarding suitable running distances for youth runners at different ages are opinion based. The International Committee Consensus Work Group convened to evaluate the current science, identify knowledge gaps, categorise risk factors for injury/illness and provide recommendations regarding training, nutrition and participation for youth runners.
Subject(s)
Running/injuries , Running/physiology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Body Mass Index , Body Size , Bone and Bones/physiology , Child , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Foot/physiology , Humans , Muscle Strength , Nutritional Requirements , Physical Conditioning, Human/adverse effects , Physical Conditioning, Human/methods , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Shoes , Stress, MechanicalABSTRACT
This report describes a 3-year-old female Doberman pinscher dog with ligneous conjunctivitis and a protein-losing nephropathy not associated with underlying plasminogen deficiency. Glomerulonephropathy in this circumstance had a positive outcome.
Caractéristiques et résultats d'une glomérulonéphropathie associée à une conjonctivite ligneuse chez un chien Doberman. Ce rapport décrit une chienne Doberman pinscher âgée de 3 ans souffrant de conjonctivite ligneuse et de néphropathie avec perte de protéines non associée à une carence de plasminogène sous-jacente. Dans cette circonstance, la glomérulonéphropathie a eu une résolution favorable.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).
Subject(s)
Conjunctivitis/veterinary , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/veterinary , Plasminogen/deficiency , Skin Diseases, Genetic/veterinary , Animals , Conjunctivitis/complications , Conjunctivitis/pathology , Dogs , Female , Glomerulonephritis/complications , Glomerulonephritis/pathology , Glomerulonephritis/urine , Glomerulonephritis/veterinary , Kidney Diseases/complications , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Kidney Diseases/urine , Proteinuria/veterinary , Skin Diseases, Genetic/complications , Skin Diseases, Genetic/pathology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in trauma patients has been reported in the literature, but the reasons for this observation remain unclear. We hypothesize that trauma factors play critical roles in VAP etiology. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 1,044 ventilated trauma patients were identified from December 2010 to December 2013. Patient-level trauma factors were used to predict pneumonia as study endpoint. RESULTS: Ninety-five of the 1,044 ventilated trauma patients developed pneumonia. Rib fractures, pulmonary contusion, and failed prehospital intubation were significant predictors of pneumonia in a multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS: It is time to redefine VAP in trauma patients based on the effect of rib fractures, pulmonary contusions, and failed prehospital intubations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition of VAP needs to be modified to reflect the effect of trauma factors in the etiology of trauma-associated pneumonia.
