[Findings of Yersinia in slaughter pigs, synantropic animals and workers in meat products in a defined region]. / Prubezné nálezy yersinií u jatecných prasat, synantropních zvírat a zamestnancu zivocisné výroby v definovaném územním okrsku.

In 15 selected stocks in the Strakonice district, 507 slaughter pigs, 708 small terrestric mammals and 110 free-living birds were examined in a two-year period (1986-1987) to study the occurrence of carriers of yersiniae and their elimination. Rectal smears from 243 persons working in livestock production were examined in the same way. Standard bacteriological methods, recent examination procedures (Aulisio et al., 1980; Aldová, 1981) and a diagnostic antiserum (03 IMUNA Sarisské Michalany) were used for the examination. The following results were obtained: In pigs: 1. yersiniae were detected in 65 cases (12.8%); of this, in 31 cases they occurred in the tonsils, in 35 cases in ileum, and twice in the ileocaecal lymph nodes. 2. Epidemiologically significant Y. enterocolitica 4;03 was detected in 28 cases (5.5%); of this, 22 times in the tonsils, 7 times in ileum, and once in the ileocaecal lymph nodes. 3. The seasonal nature of the occurrence of yersiniae was confirmed in 1986, with maxima in winter-spring, but in 1987 their occurrence declined substantially to less than a quarter. In the small mammals, yersiniae were detected 28 times (4%); of this, 7 times in common field mouse, 11 times in common vole, 5 times in house mouse, twice in shrew, once in Apodemus flavicollis, and once in Apodemus sp. 2. Y. enterocolitica 4;03 was detected twice (0.26%), both cases in the house mouse. Other results: 1. In all the 110 free-living birds the examination for yersiniae had a negative result; 2. in the rectal smears of 243 persons employed in livestock production, yersiniae were identified twice (0.8%)--in one case Y. enterocolitica 1, in the other Y. enterocolitica biovars 1 and 2.

[An attempt to induce mastitis in cows using Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in the cow barn]. / Pokus o vyvolání mastitidy u skotu za pouzití stájových kmenu Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The importance was studied of cowshed strains of K. pneumoniae as causative agents of bovine mastitis. An experiment was conducted with a healthy lactating dairy cow at the age of five years. The microbial inoculum was introduced by a teat tubule, at a dose of 2 ml broth culture 24 hours old. At first, Bac. subtilis was instilled in one udder quarter, to find out the local reaction to nutrient medium, and/or to an uninjurious saprophyte . After five days, a trial was performed on the other udder quarters using three strains of K. pneumoniae, isolated from the rectal contents and the skin of healthy cattle. Finally reinfection followed to study potential allergization of mammary gland. The conclusions as follows may be drawn from the results: 1) Bac. subtilis did not cause any alteration of the main clinic signs, but the inoculated quarter became swollen and its watery secretion contained pus corpuscles. No elimination of bacilli was observed and the morbid condition recovered in five to seven days. 2) After instillation of K. pneumoniae cultures bodily temperature rose by 1.9 degrees C in the course of six hours, all three udder quarters became swollen, showed symptoms of hyperthermia and pain , their secretion also exhibited pathological changes. The NK test revealed highly increased gelling of secretion and pH shift to alkalinity, the number of somatic cells increased 12 to 17 times. The main clinic signs, as well as appearance and consistence of the udder became normal in three days, but the other parameters like NK test and the number of somatic cells in milk normalized in about ten days. 3) Klebsiellae were eliminated from the quarters for one to eleven days, the elimination lasted longer and the counts were significantly higher in capsular strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Virulence of stable strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the white mouse]. / Virulence stájových kmenu Klebsiella pneumoniae pro bílou mys.

In 65 stable strains of K. pneumoniae, nine of which originated from acute parenchymatous mastitis of cattle and 56 from milk, nasal mucus, skin from the udder base and from the rectal contents of clinically healthy dairy cows, the virulence for white mice was studied. The achieved results were as follows: (1) At 1 ml dose of the 24-hr. broth culture i. p., 51 strains (78.4%) were virulent, at 2 ml dose 56 strains (86.1%). The percentage of the strains from milk and from the rectal contents of the clinically healthy dairy cows was approximately the same, whereas the strains from acute parenchymatous mastitis and skin were virulent in the full extent. (2) The influence of the growth phase and of the presence of microbial capsule was not marked because both in the capsuled and in the uncapsuled strains the lethal doses amounted to 0.2 to 2.0 ml, however, in both groups also the completely harmless strains were detected. In a detailed evaluation it is necessary to take into consideration that in the capsuled strains (49) the lethal doses amounted to 0.5 ml (50% of all cases) and in the uncapsuled to 1 ml (43.7% of all cases). (3) Necrotoxin test showed that 18 strains (27.7%) caused local skin inflammation in the rabbit, lasting 3 to 6 days and characterized by skin reddening and swelling (diameter 1.5 to 2.0 cm). This finding is in direct correlation with the death of experimental mice but not with the lethal doses and time of exitus; in both cases 0.2 to 2.0 ml doses were applied and the animals died one to three days after inoculation.

Actinobacilli in domestic fowl.

Reports on haemolytic rods from salpingitis in hens and from organs of died chicks may be found since the year 1950 (Kjos-Hanssen). Correct systematic classification on these microorganisms is still lacked because not all relations to the nearest pasteurellae were known as well as the clear differences in the Pasteurella-Actinobacillus group. The authors have isolated 34 suspected strains from 14 localities; 25 strains were from salpingitis or internal organs of died fowl inclusively chicks, and 9 strains from choanas of pullets clinically healthy. Bacteriological, serological, chemical and biological tests gave the results as follows: 1) All strains exhibit fundamental properties of Pasteurella-Actinobacillus group, and moreover, they show ability to grow on MacConkey agar with crystal violet (BioQuest) being a significant feature of the genus Actinobaccillus (Mráz, 1975). 2) From the nearest species Actinobacillus haemolyticus (Newsom and Cross, 1932) Mráz, 1969, they differ with expressive haemolysis on agar with sheep blood, single haemolytic zone on agar with lamb blood according to Smith (1962), structure of somatic antigen, with natural hosts (gallinaceous birds) and pathogenicity for 5-day-old chicks. The GC content in DNA was determined in the range 39,6-42,9% (mean value 41,5%). 3) The first who presumed an independent state of these microorganisms, was Kohlert (1968), from the work of which the epithet for correct name, i.e. Actinobacillus salpingitidis (Kohlert, 1968) comb. nov., was accepted.

[Infective situation in a cow barn contaminated with Klebsiella mastitis]. / Rozbor nákazové situace v kravíne zamoreném Klebsielovou mastitidou

The infection situation in a four-row cow-house for 153 animals with a frequent occurrence of Klebsiella mastitis was subject to a detailed analysis. The following results were obtained after two collections of blood and udder-quarter milk samples examined by the test-tube agglutination, gel precipitation, and bacteriological diagnosis methods: 1. Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated from milk samples 28 and 31 times, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15 and 19 times, Staphylococcus arueus 16 and 19 times, Klebsiella pneumoniae 6 and 6 times, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus once and 4 times, Enterobacter aerogenes twice and three times, and Escherichia coli twice. The authors failed to determine the causative agent in 26--38 cows (20--30%) with a pathologically changed secretion. 2. Double test-tube agglutination performed in a 30-day interval revealed suspected Klebsiella antibodies having a titre of 80 + + and higher in 13 dairy cows (12%); However, the suspicion was disproved by the negative results of gel precipitation. 3. The final deduction concerning the exogenic character of Klebsiella mastitis should encourage efforts for good housing, due nutrition, efficacious disinfection, and hygienic milk production.