ABSTRACT
The aim of present study was to determine the hemocompatibility, cellular response of endothelial cells and bacterial adhesion to a new polyester nanocomposite. The carbon nanoparticle nanocomposite was prepared via in situ polymerization of monomers to obtain material of hardness 55 Sh D similar to polyurethanes used in medical applications, for example, in heart-assisting devices. The carbon nanoparticle-containing polyester exhibits markedly reduced bacterial colonization, as compared to commercially available polyurethanes. Further the nanocomposite possesses markedly improved hemocompatibility, as determined by flow cytometry, and robust endothelialization. Possible explanations for these beneficial properties include surface nanoroughness of carbon nanoparticle-containing nanocomposites and presence of fatty acid sequences within polymer structure.
Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Carbon/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Polyesters/chemistry , Bacterial Adhesion , Carbon/metabolism , Cell Adhesion , Escherichia coli , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology , Humans , Materials Testing , Nanocomposites/microbiology , Nanocomposites/toxicity , Polyesters/metabolism , Polyurethanes/chemistry , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
The use of porous titanium-based implant materials for bone contact has been gaining ground in recent years. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a rapid prototyping method by which porous implants with highly defined external dimensions and internal architecture can be produced. The coating of porous implants produced by SLM with ceramic layers based on calcium phosphate (CaP) remains relatively unexplored, as does the doping of such coatings with magnesium (Mg) to promote bone formation. In this study, Mg-doped coatings of the CaP types octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (HA) were deposited on such porous implants using the pulsed laser deposition method. The coated implants were subsequently implanted in a rabbit femoral defect model for 6 months. Uncoated implants served as a reference material. Bone-implant contact and bone volume in the region of interest were evaluated by histopathological techniques using a tri-chromatographic Masson-Goldner staining method and by microcomputed tomography (µCT) analysis of the volume of interest in the vicinity of implants. Histopathological analysis revealed that all implant types integrated directly with surrounding bone with ingrowth of newly formed bone into the pores of the implants. Biocompatibility of all implant types was demonstrated by the absence of inflammatory infiltration by mononuclear cells (lymphocytes), neutrophils, and eosinophils. No osteoclastic or foreign body reaction was observed in the vicinity of the implants. µCT analysis revealed a significant increase in bone volume for implants coated with Mg-doped HA compared to uncoated implants.