ABSTRACT
Diode lasers are coupled to a multi-mode fiber (with 100-400 µm core) using a reflector in the form of a regular pyramid. The optimization of the optical setup allows to couple 60%-90% of light into the fiber. The demonstrator achieves 3.5 W in the 100/125 µm fiber with 8 violet (405 nm) diodes, 5.5 W in the 100/125 µm fiber with 8 blue (445 nm) diodes, and 3.3 W in the 200/250 µm fiber with red (638 nm) diodes. The device can work with lasers emitting at many different wavelengths, including green (532 nm) frequency-doubled lasers. Our work was motivated by potential medical applications of these laser sources.
Subject(s)
Glomerulonephritis/pathology , Kidney Glomerulus/ultrastructure , Basement Membrane/ultrastructure , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Microscopy, Electron , Nephritis/pathologyABSTRACT
In the presented cases, paramyxoviral-like reticulotubular structures were found in morphologically different forms of primary glomerular diseases in children. On the basis of the data obtained it seems likely that the diagnostic significance of these structures during the course of systemic lupus erythematosus and other collagen-related diseases must be carefully evaluated.
Subject(s)
Kidney Glomerulus/ultrastructure , Child , Cytoplasm/ultrastructure , Endothelium/ultrastructure , Glomerulonephritis/pathology , Humans , Kidney Glomerulus/blood supply , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathologyABSTRACT
The biochemical and electron-microscopical findings of eight cases of phaeochromocytoma and the ultrastructure of two cases of human adrenal medulla are presented here as regards catecholamine storage. Due to the rarity of phaeochromocytoma, other ultrastructural features are also described. The morphological characteristics of catecholamine-containing granules are considered on the basis of our investigations and results of other authors. These characteristics are discussed from the point of view of their value in the morphological differentiating of granules storing norepinephrine and those storing epinephrine.