[A brief history of the evolution of lung cancer operation].

Surgical operation is one of the significant parts of the comprehensive therapeutic methods of lung cancer. In the history of the development of lung cancer operation, scholars and predecessors at home and abroad have gradually established the current status of lung cancer operation and the framework of comprehensive treatment after continuous understanding of local anatomy of lung, continuous innovation of surgical equipment and continuous reform of surgical methods. In the continuous development and improvement of lung cancer surgical diagnosis and treatment procedures, a set of standardized diagnosis and treatment process of lung cancer screening, early diagnosis and treatment, standardized surgery process, rapid perioperative recovery, postoperative adjuvant treatment and follow-up has been formed. The achievements of lung cancer operation are achieved by scholars standing on the shoulders of giants. In the process of pioneering and innovating, we should go back and review the road that our predecessors have taken, and draw energy from it to continue to create new brilliance in lung cancer operation. In this paper, the evolution history of lung cancer surgery is summarized in order to improve the clinician's understanding of the history of lung cancer surgery.

MicroRNA-141-3p promoted the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through targeting DLC1.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that the function of miR-141 has tissue specificity. However, the role of miR-141-3p has not been reported in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Therefore, this study explored the function of miR-141-3p in NPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: MiR-141-3p expression in NPC tissues was examined via quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assays were used to explore the function of miR-141-3p. The relationship between miR-141-3p and DLC1 was verified by Dual-Luciferase assay. Protein expression was observed by immunocytochemical assay and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Upregulation of miR-141-3p associated with poor prognosis was detected in NPC patients. Moreover, overexpression of miR-141-3p promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in NPC cells. It was also found that miR-141-3p promoted EMT and activated the mTOR signaling pathway in NPC. Furthermore, DLC1 was indicated as a direct target of miR-141-3p and miR-141-3p negatively correlated with DLC1 expression in NPC. In particular, upregulation of DLC1 could impair the promoted effect of miR-141-3p in NPC. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-141-3p promotes the progression of NPC by targeting DLC1 and activating the mTOR pathway.

[The value of the planned neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for the non-radical resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma].

Objective: The role of planned neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in the non-radical resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was unclear. The study aimed to evaluate their therapeutic effect and analyze the prognostic factors. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received neoadjuvant radio therapy (33 patients) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (119 patients) from January 2004 to December 2016 in our single-institution database.The survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were analyzed by using Log rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The median follow-up was 29.8 months. One hundred and one patients survived more than 3 years. The rates of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) at 3 years were 63.9% and 55.6%, respectively.The rates of complete, partial and minimal pathological response of the primary tumor were 50.3%, 38.4%, 11.3%, the corresponding 3-year OS were 75.5%, 57.4%, 27.3% (P<0.001) and 3-year DFS were 72.0%, 44.7%, 17.6% (P<0.001), respectively.The postoperative lymph node metastasis rate was 27.0%. The 3-year OS and DFS of the lymph node positive group was 45.6% and 32.8%, significantly lower than 70.8% and 63.7% of the negative group (both P<0.001). The 3-year OS and DFS of pathologic stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, ⅢA, ⅢB and Ⅵ A were 76.2%, 57.4%, 64.7%, 35.0%, 33.3% (P<0.001) and 70.1%, 49.3%, 41.2%, 22.1%, 33.3% (P<0.001), respectively.The operation-related mortality was 3.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that chest pain, postoperative respiratory failure, pathological differentiation, more than 15 lymph node dissection and ypTNM stage were the independent prognostic factors of OS (P<0.05 for all). Conclusions: The planned neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for the non-radical resection of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma could result in favorable survival. The chest pain, postoperative respiratory failure, pathological differentiation, the number of lymph node resection and ypTNM stage are the independent prognostic factors of the prognosis of these patients.

[Comparison of lung cancer surgery in China, 2005 vs. 2015].

Objective: To study the impact of the advance of the times and technological progress on the surgical treatment of lung cancer. Methods: The data of patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated by thoracic surgery at Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The population distribution, operation methods and treatment results were analyzed retrospectively. Results: 510 patients (in 2005) and 1 235 (in 2015) non-small cell lung cancer patients were included in this study. The proportions of male patients (79.0% vs. 55.8%), smoking (52.9% vs. 30.1%), squamous cell carcinoma (50.2% vs. 22.4%) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) (0 vs. 61.1%), stage Ⅰ (15.2% vs. 36.8%), the number of lymph node dissection (21.8 vs. 16.6), intraoperative blood transfusion rate (9.6% vs. 1.9%), palliative resection rate (7.5% vs. 2.0%), the average length of stay (10.8 d vs. 7.6 d) were significantly changed. There was no significant difference in the average age of patients and operation time. Conclusion: There was a significant change in the distribution of population and surgical techniques in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery in last ten years.

[Analysis of the risk factors for postoperative cervical anastomotic leakage after McKeown's esophagectomy].

Objective: To analyze risk factors of anastomotic leakage after McKeown'sesophagectomy. Methods: The clinical data of 635 esophageal cancer patients, who underwent McKeown's esophagectomy at Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2012 to December 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors of cervical anastomotic leakage were identified through analysis of medical history, surgical procedure, tumor characteristics and vascular calcification. Results: Among all the 635 patients, anastomotic leakage occurred in 111 (17.5%)patients. Univariate analysis showed that the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk class, prior thoracic surgery, upper digestive tract ulcer, COPD, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, renal insufficiency, FEV1% predicted, DLCO% predicted, duration of surgery and calcification of descending aorta, celiac trunk and left postceliac arteries were associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of cervical anastomotic leakage (P<0.05 for all). Logistic regression analysis showed that ASA risk class, peripheral vascular disease, renal insufficiency and calcification of descending aorta and celiac trunk were independent risk factors of cervical anastomotic leakage after McKeown's esophagectomy (P<0.05 for all). Conclusions: ASA risk class, peripheral vascular disease, renal insufficiency, calcification of descending aorta and celiac trunk are independent risk factors of cervical esophageal anastomotic leakage after McKeown's esophagectomy.

[Survival after surgical treatment of bilateral synchronous multiple primary non-small cell lung cancers].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with bilateral synchronous multiple primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identify the prognostic indicators associated with survival. METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2014, clinicopathological data of 96 patients with bilateral synchronous multiple primary NSCLC, who met the modified Martini-Melamed criteria and underwent radical surgical resection, were retrospectively reviewed. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the clinical parameters associated with survival were analyzed using a log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify the risk factors for this cancer. RESULTS: Of the 96 patients, two patients who died of severe postoperative complications were excluded, and 94 patients were analyzed. Of the 94 cases, a two-stage operation was performed in 93 patients, while a single-stage bilateral surgery was performed in only one patient using video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). 79 patients had 2 tumors and the other 15 patients had 3 or more tumors. There were 82 patients with synchronous tumors located in different lobes and 12 patients had at least two tumors located in the same lobe. Seventy-six patients were found to have multiple lung adenocarcinoma and 12 patients had multiple squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs). Five patients had adenocarcinoma and SCC, and one patient had adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma simultaneously. Univariate analysis showed that the large maximum tumor diameter, highest pT stage and lymph node involvement were associated with an unfavorable DFS (P<0.01 for all), while female gender, small maximum tumor diameter, early highest pT stage and pN0 were associated with a better overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis showed that highest pT stage and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS. Patients with a lower highest pT stage and negative lymph node metastasis had longer DFS and OS (P<0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis for patients with bilateral synchronous multiple primary NSCLCs should be made very carefully. Two stage surgical treatment is safe, reasonable and effective for patients with bilateral synchronous multiple primary NSCLCs in a relatively early stage. The highest pT stage and pN status are important predictors for long-term survival. Adequate pulmonary tissue resection with complete resection of multiple nodules and systematic lymphadenectomy are suggested.

Post-ischemic hypothermia blocks caspase-3 activation in the newborn rat brain after hypoxia-ischemia.

The effects of hypothermia on caspase-3 activation were investigated in the newborn rat brain after hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Intense caspase-3 activation was observed in the control brains after HI, but this activation was significantly reduced by postischemic hypothermia. These findings suggest that the inhibition of caspase-3 activation may be an interventional point underlying the neuroprotective effect of hypothermia in neonates.

[Development and application of hybridoma secreting monoclonal antibody against poly-human serum albumin].

Two hybridomas which secrete monoclonal antibody (McAb) against polymerized human serum albumin (PHSA) were obtained by the fusion of SP2/0 myeloma cell with immune murine spleen cells. One of the McAb was identified as mouse IgG1, the other was IgM. The titers of these purified McAb was 1:16 364 with passive hemagglutination assay (PHA). After labelling with 125I by chloramine-T method, a solid phase radioimmune assay for detecting the PHSA has yielded in 21 positive results, out of 126 HBsAg positive sera, but 53 HBsAg negative sera were all negative. At present we have not seen any report of PHSA present in circulation. PHSA may be as a bridge bind receptor between HBV and hepatocytes and then initiate infection. The appearance of PHSA in HBsAg positive sera could be the result of the damage of the liver during virus infection. More work should be done for this explanation.