Etiology of Nasal Bone Fracture: A Retrospective Analysis of 1,441 Patients in China.

ABSTRACT: Nasal bone fracture is the most common injury in the craniofacial area. Understanding the etiology of nasal bone fracture is important for the development of preventive public health programs. In this study, the authors retrospectively examined medical records to extract information about sex, age, injury time, injury cause, occupation, and place of residence (urban or rural) from 1441 patients with nasal bone fracture to investigate the etiology of nasal bone fracture in China. Among the 1441 patients, the ratio of males to females was 3.4:1. The mean patient age was 29.25 years. The most common occupation was student (31.02%). Violence was the most common cause of injury in male patients (35.82%), whereas slip-and-fall accidents were the most common cause in female patients (32.11%). Violence was the most common cause of injury in both urban and rural patients, and 74.19% were attacked by others without a weapon. This report provides important data about the etiology of nasal bone fracture in China and will help improve nasal bone fracture prevention measures.

[Effects of bFGF on the nasal mucosa after endoscopic sinus surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of bFGF on nasal mucosa after ESS. METHOD: Ten cases of type I phase 3 chronic sinusitis were selected randomly. For each patient bFGF was intranasally used in one single nasal cavity a week after ESS. The other cavity, treated with nothing, was used as control. Scanning electron microscopy examinations of middle meatus mucosa were made 1,1. 5, 2 and 3 month after ESS. RESULT: In the first month after operation ciliated cells in the mucosa swelled and lined unregularly, the cilia exfoliated. From the sixth week to the 2nd month ciliated cells lined more regularly and the number of cells as well as the density of cilia increased obviously but the cilia aligned in disturbance. In the 3rd month after ESS, the swell of mucosa subside completely and cilia of columnar epithelial cells moved in one direction,which meant the cilia recover the function. CONCLUSION: bFGF can speed up the recovery of nasal mucosa both in number and in function after ESS.

[The effects of intranasal FP on the expression of aquaporin-2 in nasal polyps].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of intranasal FP on the expression of AQP-2 in nasal polyps. METHOD: Fourteen cases of type II phase 3 and 12 cases of type III nasal polyps were selected. FP were intranasally used in 7 cases of type II phase 3 and 6 cases of type III nasal polyps for 7 days before operation. The others, treated with nothing, were used as control. 26 nasal polyps were obtained and studied with immunohistochemical technique. RESULT: The volume of nasal polyps in FP-using group became smaller. Both the number of AQP-2 positive cells and the area density were significantly lower in the FP-using group than in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Under the action of intranasal FP the expression of AQP-2 reduced, so is the volume of nasal polyps. It indicated that AQP-2 contributed to edema of nasal polyps and FP may lesson edema through changing the expression of AQP-2.

[Expression and distribution of aquaporin-2 in nasal polyps].

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution and expression of aquaporion-2 (water channel protein; AQP-2) in nasal polyps and to evaluate the role of AQP-2 in the formation of nasal polyps. METHODS: Eleven samples of normal inferior turbinates and forty-six samples of nasal polyps were used. In the group of nasal polyps, there were ten cases of type II phase 1, twelve type II phase 2, ten type II phase 3 and fourteen type III. The expression of AQP-2 in both groups was studied with immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: 1. Both the number of AQP-2 positive cells and the area density in the epithelial cell layer from nasal polyps were higher than those from inferior turbinates (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 respectively); In the group of nasal polyps, the area density from type III, type II phase 2 and type II phase 3 was significantly higher than that from type II phase 1 (P < 0.05); 2. Both the number of AQP-2 positive cells and the area density in the subepithelial tissue from type III, type II phase 2 and type II phase 3 nasal polyps were higher than those from type II phase 1 nasal polyps and inferior turbinates(P < 0.05), whereas the difference between the latter two was not significant(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The high expression of AQP-2 protein in nasal polyps may contribute to the genesis and development of nasal polyps.

[The orientation and its significance of aquaporin-2 in the rat inner ear].

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of aquaporin-2(water channel protein; Aqp-2) in various structures of the SD rat inner ear. METHOD: Fifteen SD rat were used in this experiment and were cardically perfused. The temporal bones were taken out, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, processed and sectioned by paraffin-embedded technique. The expression and distribution of Aqp-2 in the rat inner ear were examined by SP immunohistochemical technique. RESULT: Aqp-2 were observed mainly in endolymphatic sac, stria vascularis and spiral ganglion. In addition, Aqp-2 were also labeled in Cortis organ, basilar membrane, vestibular lip and tympanic lip of spiral limus, tectorial membrane and spiral prominence. CONCLUSION: Aqp-2 distributed in the rat inner ear tissues closely related with endolymph metabolism: the endolymphatic sac and stris vascularis. Its expression in the Corti's organ gave another explanation for the handicap hearing along with endolymphatic hydrops, and the distribution of Aqp-2 in the spiral ganglion indicated its possible role in the maintenance of hearing.