ABSTRACT
Aging is the major risk factor for many human diseases and degeneration. Thus, clinically effective medicine could delay the process of aging and aging-related diseases are desperately wanted. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), some were claimed to slow down aging. Qingyangshen (Cynanchum otophyllum schneid) is such a TCM. Here, we assayed the longevity effect of compound Otophylloside B (Ot B), a C-21 steroidal glycoside isolated from Qingyangshen, in Caenorhabditis elegans, which is a popular model for aging research. Our results showed that Ot B could modestly extend the lifespan of C. elegans, delay the age-related decline of body movement and improve the stress resistance. Further investigating the molecular mechanism of lifespan extension effect revealed that Ot B could activate the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16. Ot B could not further extend the lifespan of long-lived mutant of insulin/IGF-1-like receptor (daf-2). In addition, Ot B also requires SIR-2.1 and CLK-1 which is an enzyme in ubiquinone synthesis, for lifespan extension.
ABSTRACT
Six new 8,14-seco-pregnane glycosides, gracillosides A-F (1-6), were isolated from the roots of Adelostemma gracillimum (Asclepiadaceae). All of them had the same aglycone as gracigenin with a rare 8,14-seco-pregnane type skeleton in nature and possessed an oligosaccharide chain consisting of four to six sugar units at C-3 of the aglycone. Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.
Subject(s)
Apocynaceae/chemistry , Glycosides/chemistry , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Pregnanes/chemistry , Pregnanes/isolation & purification , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Plant Roots/chemistryABSTRACT
Seven constituents were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the rhizome of Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid (Asclepiadaceae). Their structures were determined as 1-(4-methoxy-3-(6-methoxy-3-acetylphenylperoxy)phenyl)ethanone (1), 1-(3-hydroxy-7-acetylnaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone (2), 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone (3), 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone (4), 1-(3-(3,6-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzoyl)-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone (beishouwubenzophenone) (5), N,N-dimethylethanamine (6), and 2-oxo-2-phenylacetic acid (7), respectively, by spectral methods. Among them, 1 and 2 were new compounds; 1 had antifungal activity.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Cynanchum/chemistry , Naphthalenes/isolation & purification , Naphthalenes/pharmacology , Peroxides/isolation & purification , Peroxides/pharmacology , Acetates , Candida albicans/drug effects , Candidiasis/microbiology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Roots/chemistry , Solvents , Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
Human cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and alpha(V)beta(3) integrin are the key regulators in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In this paper, we found natural inhibitors 1-10 for them by enzyme inhibition assays. Inhibitors 1-7, 8-9, and 10 are novel inhibitors of human cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and alpha(V)beta(3), respectively.
Subject(s)
Bone Resorption/prevention & control , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Integrin alphaVbeta3/antagonists & inhibitors , Osteoclasts/physiology , Cathepsin K , Cathepsins/antagonists & inhibitors , Drug Design , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Humans , Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors , Osteoclasts/drug effects , Protease Inhibitors/chemistry , Protease Inhibitors/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Two new C21-steroidal glycosides having hepta-saccharide residue were isolated from the rhizome of Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid. Their structures were determined to be caudatin 3-O-alpha-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-l-cymaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-diginopyranoside (1), and caudatin 3-O-beta-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-diginopyranoside (2) by spectral methods, respectively.
Subject(s)
Carbohydrates/chemistry , Cynanchum/chemistry , Glycosides/chemistry , Steroids/chemistry , Carbohydrate Conformation , Carbohydrate Sequence , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistryABSTRACT
Four new carbohydrates were isolated from the acidic hydrolysis part of the ethyl acetate extract of Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid (Asclepiadaceae). Their structures were determined as methyl 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1-->4)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1-->4)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranoside (1), methyl 6-deoxy-1,3-di-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexosyl-(1-->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-D-arabino-hexopyranoside (2), methyl 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1-->4)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranoside (3), and 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-lyxo-hexopyranose (4), respectively, by spectral methods.
