Development of a predictive nomogram for intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients after fixed 3.7GBq (100mCi) radioiodine remnant ablation.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop a predictive nomogram for intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients after fixed 3.7GBq (100mCi) radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA). Methods: Data from 265 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection (CND) and received RRA treatment at a single institution between January 2018 and March 2023 were analyzed. Patients with certain exclusion criteria were excluded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for a non-excellent response (non-ER) to RRA. A nomogram was developed based on the risk factors, and its performance was validated using the Bootstrap method with 1,000 resamplings. A web-based dynamic calculator was developed for convenient application of the nomogram. Results: The study included 265 patients with intermediate-risk DTC. Significant differences were found between the ER group and the non-ER group in terms of CLNM>5, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, sTg level, TgAb level (P < 0.05). CLNM>5 and sTg level were identified as independent risk factors for non-ER in multivariate analysis. The nomogram showed high accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.833 (95% CI = 0.770-0.895). The nomogram's predicted probabilities aligned closely with actual clinical outcomes. Conclusions: This study developed a predictive nomogram for intermediate-risk DTC patients after fixed 3.7GBq (100mCi) RRA. The nomogram incorporates CLNM>5 and sTg levels as risk factors for a non-ER response to RRA. The nomogram and web-based calculator can assist in treatment decision-making and improve the precision of prognosis information. Further research and validation are needed.

Systemic immune-inflammation index and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in sarcopenia: a study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018.

Background: Sarcopenia, common in the elderly, often linked to chronic diseases, correlates with inflammation.The association between SII and mortality in sarcopenia patients is underexplored, this study investigates this relationship in a U.S. adult cohort. Methods: We analyzed 1999-2018 NHANES data, focusing on 2,974 adults with sarcopenia. Mortality outcomes were determined by linking to National Death Index (NDI) records up to December 31, 2019. Using a weighted sampling design, participants were grouped into three groups by the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII). We used Cox regression models, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, to explore SII's association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in sarcopenia, performing sensitivity analyses for robustness. Results: Over a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 829 deaths occurred. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant survival differences across SII groups. The highest SII group showed higher hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in both crude and adjusted models. The highest SII group had a higher HR for all-cause(1.57, 1.25-1.98), cardiovascular(1.61, 1.00-2.58), cancer(2.13, 1.32-3.44), and respiratory disease mortality(3.21, 1.66-6.19) in fully adjusted models. Subgroup analyses revealed SII's association with all-cause mortality across various demographics, including age, gender, and presence of diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Sensitivity analyses, excluding participants with cardiovascular diseases, those who died within two years of follow-up, or those under 45 years of age, largely reflected these results, with the highest SII group consistently demonstrating higher HRs for all types of mortality in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Conclusion: Our study is the first to demonstrate a significant relationship between SII and increased mortality risks in a sarcopenia population.

Corrigendum: Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1214334.].

Comparison of 18 F-FAPI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Fibrous Dysplasia.

ABSTRACT: A 16-year-old woman presented with an acute headache on the left side. A head CT scan revealed bone destruction in the skull. Subsequent 18 F-FDG and 18 F-FAPI PET/CT scans were performed within a week. The 18 F-FDG PET/CT indicated mild uptake in the regions of bone destruction, whereas the 18 F-FAPI PET/CT displayed significant tracer accumulation. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with fibrous dysplasia.

Precision USPIO-PEG-SLex Nanotheranostic Agent Targeted Photothermal Therapy for Enhanced Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy to Treat Immunotherapy Resistance.

Background: The anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (termed aPD-L1) immune checkpoint blockade therapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach for various advanced solid tumors. However, the effect of aPD-L1 inhibitors limited by the tumor microenvironment makes most patients exhibit immunotherapy resistance. Methods: We conjugated the Sialyl Lewis X with a polyethylene glycol-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO-PEG) to form UPS nanoparticles (USPIO-PEG-SLex, termed UPS). The physicochemical properties of UPS were tested and characterized. Transmission electron microscopy and ICP-OES were used to observe the cellular uptake and targeting ability of UPS. Flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential staining, live-dead staining and scratch assay were used to verify the in vitro photothermal effect of UPS, and the stimulation of UPS on immune-related pathways at the gene level was analyzed by sequencing. Biological safety analysis and pharmacokinetic analysis of UPS were performed. Finally, the amplification effect of UPS-mediated photothermal therapy on aPD-L1-mediated immunotherapy and the corresponding mechanism were studied. Results: In vitro experiments showed that UPS had strong photothermal therapy ability and was able to stimulate 5 immune-related pathways. In vivo, when the PTT assisted aPD-L1 treatment, it exhibited a significant increase in CD4+ T cell infiltration by 14.46-fold and CD8+ T cell infiltration by 14.79-fold, along with elevated secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, comparing with alone aPD-L1. This PTT assisted aPD-L1 therapy achieved a significant inhibition of both primary tumors and distant tumors compared to the alone aPD-L1, demonstrating a significant difference. Conclusion: The nanotheranostic agent UPS has been introduced into immunotherapy, which has effectively broadened its application in biomedicine. This photothermal therapeutic approach of the UPS nanotheranostic agent enhancing the efficacy of aPD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy, can be instructive to address the challenges associated with immunotherapy resistance, thereby offering potential for clinical translation.

Renal hypouricemia complicated with kidney stone: a case report.

Renal hypouricemia (RHUC) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired renal tubular uric acid reabsorption and abnormally high uric acid clearance, which may be manifested by reduced serum uric acid (SUA) levels and elevated fractional excretion of uric acid (FE-UA >10%). Most RHUC patients are often asymptomatic or have accidentally decreased SUA levels during health examinations, while others develop kidney stones and exercise-induced acute kidney injury (EIAKI). We now report a case of RHUC complicated with an asymptomatic kidney stone, and we identified a heterozygous mutation of c.269G > A (p.R90H) and a novel heterozygous mutation of c.674C > G (p.T225R) in the SLC22A12 gene in the patient through whole exon gene detection (NGS method). This case offers valuable insights into the mechanisms, clinical management, and prognosis of RHUC and its associated complications.

Comparative analysis of two timepoints on [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT in various cancers.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the biodistribution, detection rate, and uptake of the [18F]FAPI-42 at two distinct time intervals. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 60 consecutive patients (median age 59; range 35-74) referred to [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT. [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT was performed early and late timepoint after tracer injection for staging or restaging. Positive lesions specified for anatomic locations (primary or recurrent tumor, LN metastasis and other metastasis) by visual analysis at both timepoints. Semiquantitative analysis of the tracer activity in lesions as well as normal tissues at both time points were measured and compared. In a subgroup analysis, eleven patients underwent 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT within 1 week, the detection rate and uptake of lesion were compared between early [18F]FAPI-42 and 2-[18F]FDG. RESULTS: Uptake of [18F]FAPI-42 in the late timepoint was significantly lower than the early timepoint in most organs (all p < 0.05), except for bone (SUVmean 0.88 vs. 0.85; p = 0.218). Tracer retention at biliary system showed less frequent at early timepoint than late timepoint. A total of 194 lesions were detected in 60 patients. One lesion was only seen at early timepoint but not at late timepoint. Lesions on early [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT had higher visual score than that of late image(23 vs. 6). The uptake of lesion decreased significantly from early to late timepoint (all p < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, early [18F]FAPI-42 illustrated higher detection rate, visual score, and uptake of lesion than that of 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. CONCLUSION: Early [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT provided consistent detection rates and lesion uptake, but less tracer retention in the biliary system compared to late images. Therefore, acquisition at early timepoint could be a feasible strategy for improving acquisition protocols of [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2200063441. Registered 28 September 2022-Retrospectively registered, https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=149714 .

Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the available data from clinical trials and assess the safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in three electronic databases, namely Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, up until March 1, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tirzepatide to either placebo or active hypoglycemic drugs in individuals with T2D and obesity. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value and Cochran's Q test, and a fixed effects model was employed to estimate the safety profile of tirzepatide. The safety outcomes of interest, including pancreatitis, the composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases, cholecystitis, and cholelithiasis and biliary diseases, were evaluated. (The composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases incorporated cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, other gallbladder disorders, and biliary diseases.). Results: A total of nine trials with 9871 participants (6828 in the tirzepatide group and 3043 in the control group) that met the pre-specified criteria were included. When compared to all control groups consisting of basal insulin (glargine or degludec), selective GLP1-RA (dulaglutide or semaglutide once weekly), and placebo, an increased risk of pancreatitis was not found to be significantly associated with tirzepatide (RR 1.46, [95% CI] 0.59 to 3.61; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.436). For gallbladder or biliary disease, the composite of gallbladder or biliary disease was significantly associated with tirzepatide compared with placebo or basal insulin (RR 1.97, [95% CI] 1.14 to 3.42; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.558), but not with the risk of cholelithiasis, cholecystitis or biliary diseases. Conclusion: Based on the currently available data, tirzepatide appears to be safe regarding the risk of pancreatitis. However, the increased risk of the composite outcome of gallbladder or biliary diseases observed in RCTs warrants further attention from physicians in clinical practice. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023412400.

The microbiota and renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 2% of cancer diagnoses and deaths worldwide. Recent studies emphasized the critical involvement of microbial populations in RCC from oncogenesis, tumor growth, and response to anticancer therapy. Microorganisms have been shown to be involved in various renal physiological and pathological processes by influencing the immune system function, metabolism of the host and pharmaceutical reactions. These findings have extended our understanding and provided more possibilities for the diagnostic or therapeutic development of microbiota, which could function as screening, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers, or be manipulated to prevent RCC progression, boost anticancer drug efficacy and lessen the side effects of therapy. This review aims to present an overview of the roles of microbiota in RCC, including pertinent mechanisms in microbiota-related carcinogenesis, the potential use of the microbiota as RCC biomarkers, and the possibility of modifying the microbiota for RCC prevention or treatment. According to these scientific findings, the clinical translation of microbiota is expected to improve the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.

Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted PET/CT Imaging in a Treatment-Naive Prostate Cancer Patient With Low PSMA Expression.

ABSTRACT: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT has become increasingly accepted for imaging prostate cancer (PCa), including its recent use in primary staging. In this case report, we present the case of a 76-year-old man with newly diagnosed PCa. 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT showed minimal PSMA activity in the primary tumor and metastases. However, 18 F-FAPI-04 PET/CT revealed more avid lesions in primary tumor, metastatic lymph nodes, and bones. Subsequent histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of PCa. These findings suggest that 18 F-FAPI-04 may have a potential role in the evaluation of PCa with low PSMA expression in treatment-naive patients.

Successful Treatment of Eruptive Pruritic Papular Porokeratosis in the Elderly with Tofacitinib: A Case Report.

Eruptive pruritic papular porokeratosis (EPPP) is a rare subtype of porokeratosis that presents as an acute exacerbation of an annular papule with a distinct peripheral hyperkeratotic ridge border and severe pruritus. EPPP is mainly reported in elderly East Asian men. Its etiology and pathogenesis are unknown. We hereby present a case report of EPPP in a 68-year-old Chinese male with persistent circumscribed papules on the extremities, accompanied by severe pruritus for one year. After the patient was given conventional medication, a new rash appeared on the patient's extremities and he felt intense itching in the area of the rash. The patient was switched to oral tofacitinib treatment. The patient felt that the pruritus had largely disappeared after one month of oral dosing, leaving only brown pigmentation on the erythema of the extremities. The patient has been off the drug for 2 months. There was no pruritus or new rash during the follow-up period.

Increased 18F-FAPI PET/CT Uptake in a Case of Brucellosis of Lumbar Vertebral Body.

ABSTRACT: Vertebral brucellosis is a relatively rare disease that usually emerges in animal husbandry areas. We report a case that brucellosis of lumbar vertebral body showed an intense uptake of FAPI on 18F-FAPI PET/CT, which mimics to malignant lesions or vertebral tuberculosis. It is an interesting finding to realize that vertebral brucellosis is also one of the reasons for intense uptake of FAPI.

[18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT in differentiated thyroid cancer: diagnostic performance, uptake values, and comparison with 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT and compare it with that of 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with biochemical elevations in Tg or anti-Tg antibodies. METHODS: A total of 42 patients with DTC with biochemical elevations in Tg or anti-Tg antibodies underwent [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT as part of this study; of which, 11 additionally underwent 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT within 7 days. Images were semi-quantitatively and visually interpreted, and the quantity, location, and uptake values of lesions were noted. The diagnostic capacity of [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT and biomarkers affecting the uptake of [18F]FAPI-42 were evaluated. In addition, the diagnostic performance and uptake of [18F]FAPI-42 and 2-[18F]FDG were compared, and the correlation between lesion diameter and quantitative parameters was investigated. RESULTS: A total of 161 lesions were detected in 27 (64%) patients on [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT. FAPI-positive local recurrence showed the highest uptake intensity, followed by lymphatic, other site-associated (bone and pleura), and pulmonary lesions (mean SUVmax, 4.7 versus 3.7 versus 3.0 versus 2.2, respectively; P < 0.0001). The levels of TSH, Tg, and Tg-Ab did not affect the uptake value of lesions (median SUVmax: 2.4 versus 3.2, P = 0.56; 2.9 versus 2.4, P = 0.0935; 2.8 versus 2.6, P = 0.0525, respectively). A total of 90 positive lesions were detected in 7 patients using both modalities. All positive lesions showed statistically higher uptake of 2-[18F]FDG than that of [18F]FAPI-42 (SUVmax, 2.6 versus 2.1; P = 0.026). However, the SUVmax of [18F]FAPI-42 was higher than that of 2-[18F]FDG in local recurrences and lymphatic lesions (SUVmax, 4.2 versus 2.9 and 3.9 versus 3.4, respectively; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: [18F]FAPI-42 can be used for detecting lesions and reflecting FAP expression during local recurrence and metastasis in patients with DTC with biochemical elevations in Tg or anti-Tg antibodies. The diagnostic performance of [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT is comparable with that of 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT in such patients.

[Effect of Social Support on Multimorbidity and Related Outcomes of Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China].

Objective: To analyze the current status of social support for middle-aged and older adults with multimorbidity and to explore the correlation between different dimensions of social support and multimorbidity and the related outcomes on the basis of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015 survey data so as to reveal the complex social background of multimorbidity and the impact of social support on multimorbidity. Methods: A total of 9168 valid samples, with an average age of 59.60 years, were included in the study. Using the social support-related variables of the respondents, we conducted factor analysis and constructed regression models of common factors of social support and multimorbidity-related outcomes, intending to analyze the impact of common factors of social support on multimorbidity in the middle-aged and older adults. Results: The multimorbidity of middle-aged and older adults in China was related to multiple factors of social support, and the differences were statistically significant. Logistic regression showed that social support in the form of activity/recreational facilities and medical resources was a protective factor of multimorbidity, that family emotional support and economic support had a positive effect on life satisfaction of comorbid patients, and that social support in the form of education, social life and housing conditions was negatively correlated with catastrophic medical expenditure of the comorbid population ( P<0.05). Conclusion: Social support for middle-aged and older adults in China is unevenly distributed. Social support in the form of activity/recreational facilities and medical resources may reduce the risks of multimorbidity among middle-aged and older adults. Good family economic and emotional support can improve the life satisfaction of middle-aged and older adults with multimorbidity. Social support in the form of education, social life and housing conditions may reduce the risk of catastrophic medical expenditure in middle-aged and older adults with multimorbidity.

Establishment and evaluation of a CT-based radiomic model for AIDS-associated pulmonary cryptococcosis.

BACKGROUND: Establish a CT-based diagnostic radiomic model for AIDS complicated with pulmonary cryptococcosis and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of this model. METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 98 AIDS patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and 103 AIDS patients with other infections or neoplastic lesions, comprising a total of 699 lesions. Patients were randomly divided into a training group and test group at a ratio of 2.75:1. Features from all lesions, cavity lesions and solid nodule lesions were extracted, and two kinds of radiomic models (6 types) were established. ROC curves were drawn, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated to compare the SVM model and LR model, radiologists' empirical diagnoses and the combination of these empirical diagnoses with the radiomic model. RESULTS: The AUCs of senior radiologist for all lesions and cavity lesions were lower than those of the SVM and LR models. The diagnostic efficacy of primary radiologist was lower than that of both of the other model types. The diagnostic efficacy of the LR model was relatively stable, with the highest diagnostic efficiency of the 3 model/radiologist groups. The AUCs of intermediate radiologist in combination with the LR radiomic model for all lesions, nodular lesions and cavity lesions were 0.88, 0.84, and 0.9, respectively, which were the highest among all models and radiologists. CONCLUSIONS: The CT-based radiomic LR model of AIDS-associated pulmonary cryptococcosis exhibits good diagnostic performance, which was similar to that of senior radiologists and higher than that of the primary radiologist. With the help of a radiomic model, radiologists can achieve improved diagnostic accuracy compared to that when only an empirical diagnosis is used.

A Case Report of Leukocytosis During Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy of Paranoid Personality Disorder.

Introduction: Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) is a viable therapeutic option for patients with mood disorders and schizophrenia. We found that there is a relationship between MECT and leukocytosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of this problem. There are no relevant guidelines recommending the risk of leukocytosis caused by MECT, nor the method to reduce the risk. We hope to share this case to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of similar patients with leukocytosis during or after MECT and remind psychiatrists to pay attention to this risk of leukocytosis before making the decision of MECT while knowing how to deal with it. Case presentation: We describe a case of a 24-year-old woman diagnosed with Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) whose symptoms began at 19 years old. Her main clinical manifestations are feeling targeted, cheated, tracked, misunderstood, and repeating action. Since antipsychotic treatment was ineffective, we considered MECT. After MECT, the patient's body temperature increased, and leukocytosis was found. After excluding infection and other possibilities, we added 1,000 ml physiological saline to the patient through the vein. The white blood cell (WBC) count returned to normal in a short time. Conclusion: Before MECT, it is necessary to screen blood cytology. During and after MECT, we should be alert to leukocytosis that may be related to MECT and deal with it correctly in time.

KLF2-induced circZKSCAN1 potentiates the tumorigenic properties of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by targeting the miR-1294/PIM1 axis.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common and lethal types of urologic cancer. With low survival rates among patients in advanced stages of disease, and increasing rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide, novel therapeutic targets for ccRCC clinical intervention are necessary. In this study, we investigated the functional role of circZKSCAN1 in ccRCC progression. Our results suggested that circZKSCAN1 was abundantly expressed in ccRCC tumor tissues and cells. CircZKSCAN1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, whereas potentiated Natural Killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity against RCC cells in vitro and repressed tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we identified a novel circZKSCAN1/miR-1294/PIM1 axis was identified in RCC progression, showing that the expression of circZKSCAN1 expression in RCC cells was transcriptionally regulated by Kruppel-like factor 2. The results of our study may provide new insights for ccRCC basic research.Abbreviations: ccRCC: clear cell renal cell carcinoma; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; circRNA: circular RNA; EDU: 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FISH: RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization; KLF2: Kruppel-like factor 2; NC: normal control; NK cell: natural killer cell; NOD/SCID: nonobese severe diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency; PIM1: Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; ZKSCAN1: zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 1.

Comprehensive Characterization of Metabolism-Associated Subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinoma to Aid Clinical Therapy.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a disease characterized by excessive administration complexity because it exhibits extraordinary nonuniformity among distinct molecular subtypes. We herein intended to delineate the metabolic aspects of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) in terms of the gene expression profile. Recent studies have revealed that metabolic variations within tumors are related to the responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and patient prognosis. We used 100 previously reported metabolic (MTB) pathways to quantify the metabolic landscape of the 729 ccRCC patients. Three MTB subtypes were established, and the MTB scores were calculated using principal component analysis (PCA). The high MTB score group had better overall survival (OS) and was associated with higher expression of immune-checkpoint and immune-activity signatures. The opposite was true of the low MTB score group, which may explain the poor prognosis of these patients. Three ICI-treated cohorts or tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treated cohort proved that patients with higher MTB scores exhibited notable therapeutic benefits and clinical gains. This research explained that the MTB score could be applied as a powerful prognostic indicator and predictive of ICI or TKI therapy. Assessing the MTB scores in a more extended group will facilitate our perception of tumor metabolism and provide guidance for studies on targeted approaches for ccRCC patients.

Dual-task convolutional neural network based on the combination of the U-Net and a diffraction propagation model for phase hologram design with suppressed speckle noise.

In this paper, a dual-task convolutional neural network based on the combination of the U-Net and a diffraction propagation model is proposed for the design of phase holograms to suppress speckle noise of the reconstructed images. By introducing a Fresnel transmission layer, based on angular spectrum diffraction theory, as the diffraction propagation model and incorporating it into U-Net as the output layer, the proposed neural network model can describe the actual physical process of holographic imaging, and the distributions of both the light amplitude and phase can be generated. Afterwards, by respectively using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) as the loss function to modulate the distribution of the amplitude, and a proposed target-weighted standard deviation (TWSD) as the loss function to limit the randomness and arbitrariness of the reconstructed phase distribution, the dual tasks of the amplitude reconstruction and phase smoothing are jointly solved, and thus the phase hologram that can produce high quality image without speckle is obtained. Both simulations and optical experiments are carried out to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, the depth of field (DOF) of the image using the proposed method is much larger than that of using the traditional Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm due to the smoothness of the reconstructed phase distribution, which is also verified in the experiments. This study provides a new phase hologram design approach and shows the potential of neural networks in the field of the holographic imaging and more.

CDK1/FBXW7 facilitates degradation and ubiquitination of MLST8 to inhibit progression of renal cell carcinoma.

Recent studies have reported that MLST8 is upregulated in many malignant tumors. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this work was to investigate how MLST8 contributes to the development and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). MLST8 is an oncogenic protein in the TCGA database and ccRCC clinical specimens. We also ascertain that MLST8 interacts with FBXW7, which was universally regarded as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. MLST8 can be degraded and ubiquitinated by tumor suppressor FBXW7. FBXW7 recognizes a consensus motif (T/S) PXX (S/T/D/E) of MLST8 and triggers MLST8 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Strikingly, the activated cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) kinase engages in the MLST8 phosphorylation required for FBXW7-mediated degradation. In vitro, we further prove that MLST8 is an essential mediator of FBXW7 inactivation-induced tumor growth, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, the MLST8 and FBXW7 proteins are negatively correlated in human renal cancer specimens. Our findings suggest that MLST8 is a putative oncogene that functions via interaction with FBXW7, and inhibition MLST8 could be a potential future target in ccRCC treatment.