Genome sequence of an Acinetobacter pittii strain obtained from a red-lored parrot with pneumonia.

Acinetobacter pittii 978-A_19 was obtained from a parrot with pneumonia. It is resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole. The genome encodes a new blaADC allele, a blaOXA-502 gene, possesses several virulence genes related to adherence and biofilm formation, and has types I, II, and IV secretion systems.

Genomic characterization of antifungal Acinetobacter bacteria isolated from the skin of the frogs Agalychnis callidryas and Craugastor fitzingeri.

Chytridiomycosis, a lethal fungal disease caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is responsible for population declines and extinctions of amphibians worldwide. However, not all amphibian species are equally susceptible to the disease; some species persist in Bd enzootic regions with no population reductions. Recently, it has been shown that the amphibian skin microbiome plays a crucial role in the defense against Bd. Numerous bacterial isolates with the capacity to inhibit the growth of Batrachochytrium fungi have been isolated from the skin of amphibians. Here, we characterized eight Acinetobacter bacteria isolated from the frogs Agalychnis callidryas and Craugastor fitzingeri at the genomic level. A total of five isolates belonged to Acinetobacter pittii,Acinetobacter radioresistens, or Acinetobactermodestus, and three were not identified as any of the known species, suggesting they are members of new species. We showed that seven isolates inhibited the growth of Bd and that all eight isolates inhibited the growth of the phytopathogen fungus Botrytis cinerea. Finally, we identified the biosynthetic gene clusters that could be involved in the antifungal activity of these isolates. Our results suggest that the frog skin microbiome includes Acinetobacter isolates that are new to science and have broad antifungal functions, perhaps driven by distinct genetic mechanisms.

Prospective transGEICAM study of the impact of the 21-gene Recurrence Score assay and traditional clinicopathological factors on adjuvant clinical decision making in women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) node-negative breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the impact of the Recurrence Score (RS) in Spanish breast cancer patients and explored the associations between clinicopathological markers and likelihood of change in treatment recommendations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Enrollment was offered consecutively to eligible women with estrogen receptor-positive; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, node-negative breast cancer. Oncologists recorded treatment recommendation and confidence in it before and after knowing the patient's RS. RESULTS: Treatment recommendation changed in 32% of 107 patients enrolled: in 21% from chemohormonal (CHT) to hormonal therapy (HT) and in 11% from HT to CHT. RS was associated with the likelihood of change from HT to CHT (P < 0.001) and from CHT to HT (P < 0.001). Confidence of oncologists in treatment recommendations increased for 60% of cases. Higher tumor grade (P = 0.007) and a high proliferative index (Ki-67) (P = 0.023) were significantly associated with a greater chance of changing from HT to CHT, while positive progesterone receptor status (P = 0.002) with a greater probability of changing from CHT to HT. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the first prospective European study are consistent with published experience and use of the RS as proposed in European clinical practice guidelines and provide evidence on how Oncotype DX and clinicopathological factors are complementary and patient selection may be improved.

Rituximab in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients.

OBJECTIVES: Rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy, depletes B cells and suppresses antibody production. This study sought to describe the efficacy and safety of rituximab among seven highly sensitized kidney transplant patients. METHODOLOGY: A highly sensitized patient was defined as panel-reactive antibody (PRA) >30%, more than three pregnancies, or history of positive tissue crossmatch. Demographics, immunological risk profile, and immunosuppression were collected on all highly sensitized patients transplanted from March to July 2007 and given rituximab. We noted graft function as well as clinical events posttransplantation. RESULTS: The seven patients included in the study showed a mean age of 39 years (range = 17-60) and a mean follow-up of 3 months (range = 1.5-5). Their average PRA was 62% with mean HLA mismatches of three. Five patients (71%) were retransplantations; one had a history of a positive crossmatch, and two had multiple pregnancies. Two had donor-specific antibody, but negative tissue crossmatches. All had living donors. Six patients received a single dose of rituximab (375 mg/m2) 1 day prior to transplantation and one received two doses after 19 sessions of plasmapheresis. All were given tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and steroids combined with induction therapy using 30 mg alemtuzumab in 33%; two doses of 20 mg basiliximab in 33%; and seven doses of 1 mg/kg/dose of daclizumab in 14%. Mean shown creatinine levels were 1.1 and 1.2 mg/dL at 1 and 6 months posttransplantation. Two recipients experienced acute humoral rejections within 1 month after transplantation. Both were given steroid pulsing, one of whom was steroid-resistant necessitating alemtuzumab therapy and plasmapheresis. Graft function of both improved with creatinine values of 1.3 mg/dL on discharge. No episodes of infection were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Rituximab can be safely administered and may be effective to improve outcomes among highly sensitized kidney transplant patients.

Alemtuzumab induction with tacrolimus monotherapy in de novo renal transplantation.

OBJECTIVES: Alemtuzumab is increasingly being used as induction therapy for kidney transplantation, allowing immunosuppression minimization. This study examined the efficacy of alemtuzumab induction followed by low-dose tacrolimus monotherapy in standard risk primary kidney transplant patients. METHODS: This retrospective cohort of primary standard risk renal transplant recipients were given alemtuzumab induction and low-dose tacrolimus maintenance immunosuppression (target trough 7 to 10 ng/mL for the first 6 months and 5 to 7 ng/mL thereafter). Serum creatinine values, acute rejection episodes, and graft survival were noted at week 1 as well as months 3, 6, 12, and 18. RESULTS: At the time of analysis, 47 patients were at 6 months, 28 at 12 months, and 6 patients at 18 months from transplant. Mean follow-up was 12.53 months (range, 6 to 23). Mean serum creatinine was 1.47 +/- 0.65 mg/dL at 3 months, 1.56 +/- 0.84 at 6 months, 1.45 +/- 0.37 at 12 months, and 1.74 +/- 0.35 at 18 months. The 1-year clinical acute rejection rate was 21% (6/28), occurring at 0 to 3 months in 2 (33%), 4 to 6 months in 1 (17%), and >6 months in 3 patients (50%). Biopsy-proven acute rejection was 14% (4/28). The episodes were classified as borderline in one, Banff 2A in two, and Banff 3 in one patients. One patient had both acute cellular and acute humoral rejection; half responded to steroid pulse therapy. The 1-year patient survival rate was 90%. The 1-year death-censored graft survival rate was 98%. CONCLUSION: Alemtuzumab induction with tacrolimus monotherapy is an acceptable option in standard risk patients. BPAR was 14%, but renal function remained satisfactory at 18 months posttransplant.

Campath-1H (alemtuzumab) as an induction agent for the prevention of graft rejection and preservation of renal function in kidney transplant patients: Philippine 3-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of induction with Campath-1H with low-dose cyclosporine (CsA) monotherapy using outcome measures of acute rejection episodes (ARE), chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), graft and patient survivals, as well as malignancies and infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen kidney transplant recipients were randomized to receive either Campath 1H induction with CsA monotherapy (9 patients) or immunosuppression with CsA, azathioprine, and steroids (5 patients). Campath (20 mg IV) was administered within 6 hours after the anastomosis and repeated 24 hours later. Cyclosporine was started 72 hours after the first Campath dose (10 mg/kg on the first day, then 4 mg/kg/d), seeking to achieve target trough CsA levels of 90 to 110 ng/mL. This is a 3-year follow-up of the 9 patients who received Campath-1H induction. RESULTS: Six of 9 (67%) patients developed ARE (borderline ARE to Banff IB) in the Campath group compared with 1 of 5 (20%) in the other group (ARE Banff IIA). They all received methylprednisolone for 3 days with good responses. One of the 6 patients in the Campath group with ARE also displayed CAN and was converted to sirolimus; 2 others had mycophenolate mofetil and steroids added to their immunosuppression after the ARE. Creatinine levels ranged from 1 to 1.7 mg/dL at 24 to 36 months posttransplantation in both groups. Among the Campath group, 1 patient died 6 months posttransplantation with sepsis secondary to infectious diarrhea. Upper respiratory tract infections comprised the majority of infections at 24 to 36 months. No malignancies were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Three years posttransplantation, patients given Campath induction with CsA monotherapy showed a greater incidence of ARE, although renal function remained comparable to CsA-azathioprine-prednisone therapy. AREs were easily reversed with steriods. Infections were minor.

[Limited mouth opening due to muscular fibrosis after locoregional anesthesia. Apropos of a case]. / Limitation d'ouverture buccale par fibrose musculaire après anesthésie locorégionale. A propos d'un cas.

The amplitude of buccal opening was limited due to fibrosis of the middle pterygoideus muscle two months after a patient had undergone anaesthesia of the lower dental nerve trunk. Surgery was required. A physiological explanation was attempted based on other cases reported in the literature.