[Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and its relation to risk factors]. / Prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis en mujeres posmenopáusicas y su relación con factores de riesgo.

BACKGROUND: Degenerative diseases are becoming more frequent in adults due to the increase in the average life, among them osteoporosis is with one prevalence higher in women mainly due to the lack of estrogen after menopause. OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia by effectuate a bone densitometry in postmenopausal women and analyze the possible relationship with some recognized risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 389 patients analyzing the following variables: age; index of body mass and time of treatment with hormone replacement therapy, crossing the information with the result of bone densitometry. RESULTS: A prevalence rate similar to that reported in our country was obtained. We found that patients with overweight have one higher percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis than normal weight, which is contrary to what was reported in literature. Also contrary to expectations, untreated patients occupy a higher percentage without bone disorders, while in the leading hormone therapy the lesser percentage was for those whit osteoporosis. We found no differences in terms of age. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis provides an excellent opportunity to address these problems but we must not forget that the best treatment is prevention from an early age.

[Metabolic disorders in women during climacterium]. / Trastornos metabólicos de mujeres en el climaterio.

BACKGROUND: As part of preventive medicine climacteric and menopause clinics should identify the chronic-degenerative diseases that accompany this stage of women and which are increasing as the age increases. OBJECTIVE: To dentify following chronic degenerative diseases that occur during climacteric: diabetes, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive and transversal study was performed with 688 patients in the clinic of the climacteric and menopause, 98 were removed for failing to comply with all the requirements that included: determining serum glucose and lipids, weight, height, diameter of waist and hip. Controls were done every three to four months forming two groups: menopause and perimenopause. RESULTS: The average age of menopause was 47.5 years, in which predominated the chronic degenerative diseases, highlighting the overweight and obesity (66%), dyslipidemia (59%), hypertension (22%) and diabetes (19%). CONCLUSION: The gynecologist must be attentive to identify early risk factors for chronic degenerative diseases from the reproductive stage.

[Cesarean birth: justifying indication or justified concern?]. / Operación cesárea: Indicación justificante o preocupación justificada?

BACKGROUND: Caesarean section is the most common surgery performed in all hospitals of second level of care in the health sector and more frequently in private hospitals in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: To determine the behavior that caesarean section in different hospitals in the health sector in the city of Aguascalientes and analyze the indications during the same period. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive and cross in the top four secondary hospitals in the health sector of the state of Aguascalientes, which together account for 81% of obstetric care in the state, from 1 September to 31 October 2008. Were analyzed: indication of cesarean section and their classification, previous pregnancies, marital status, gestational age, weight and minute Apgar newborn and given birth control during the event. RESULTS: were recorded during the study period, 2.964 pregnancies after 29 weeks, of whom 1.195 were resolved by Caesarean section with an overall rate of 40.3%. We found 45 different indications, which undoubtedly reflect the great diversity of views on the institutional medical staff to schedule a cesarean section. CONCLUSIONS: Although each institution has different resources and a population with different characteristics, treatment protocols should be developed by staff of each hospital to have the test as a cornerstone of labor, also request a second opinion before a caesarean section, all try to reduce the frequency of cesarean section.